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Parasitology Lec > Hookworms > Flashcards

Hookworms Flashcards

1
Q

Hookworms

Morphology:

Male Worm:

8-11 mm long Posses a_______ which aids in the speciation of hookworms

Exhibits_____ pattern

A

bursa (bursa copulatrix)

dental

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2
Q

expanded bulsa copulathrix

A

Necator americanus

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3
Q

Hookworms

Morphology:

Female Worm:

10-13 mm long

Pointed tail Adults may live____ years

Rarely seen in the stool since firmly attached to the_____

A

2-14

mucosa

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4
Q

Hookworms

Non-infective, feeding stage

Bulbuous esophagus

Long buccal cavity (approximately as long as the width of the body)

Inconspicuous genital primordium

A

Rhabditiform Larva:

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5
Q

Hookworms

Infective, non-feeding stage 700 um long

Straight esophagus (1/4 of the length of the body)

Curved tail

A

Filariform Larva:

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6
Q

Hookworm egg
TOCM

A

• Thin shelled

• Ovoidal

• Colorless

• “Morula ball”

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7
Q

Hookworms

• Life Cycle:

Infective Stage

Definitive Host

Diagnostic Stage

A
  • filariform larva
  • humans
  • eggs
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8
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis

• Life Cycle:

Infective Stage

Definitive Host

Diagnostic Stage

A

L3

Humans/ monkey

L1

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9
Q

Hookworms

• Diagnosis:

  1. Demonstration of

2._____ is not seen in feces

(unless the specimen is left for 24 hours)

A

characteristic egg in the feces (2-8 cell stages)

Larva

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10
Q

Hookworms

Diagnosis:

Should you recover the adult Hookworm, easier differentiation is done by observing the_______

A

buccal capsule

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11
Q

– semi-lunar cutting plates

A

N. americanus

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12
Q

– 2 pairs of ventral teeth

A

A. duodenale

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13
Q

– 3 pairs of ventral teeth

A

A. caninum

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14
Q

– 2 pairs of ventral teeth with outer bigger than the inner pair

A

A. ceylanicum

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15
Q

– a pair of big teeth

A

A. braziliense

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16
Q

Are hookworms STH?

A

Yes

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17
Q

Hookworms

Commonly found in_______ countries

A

tropical and subtropical

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18
Q

• Small, cylindrical, fusiform,(color),(eats) nematodes

• Attaching to the____ of the____

A

grayish-white

blood-sucking

mucosa

small intestine

19
Q

Which is bigger? Duodenale or americanus?

A

Ancylostoma duodenale

20
Q

Head is curved opposite to the curvature of the body

A

Nexator americanus

21
Q

Head is curved in the same direction as the curvature of the body

A

Ancylostoma duodenale

22
Q

Male hookworms

• Posterior end is equipped with expansion with rib-like rays for copulation called_____

A

caudal bursa

23
Q

Ancylostoma duodenale

•___ pairs of curved ventral teeth

•____ dorsal ray

•___ spicules

A

2

Tridigitate

2

24
Q

Ancylostoma duodenale

•___ pairs of curved ventral teeth

•_____ dorsal ray

•__ spicules

A

2

Tridigitate

2

25
Q

Ancylostoma duodenale

•___ pairs of curved ventral teeth

• ______dorsal ray

•__ spicules

A

2

TRIDIGITATE

2

26
Q

Necator americanus

• Ventral pair of_____
•_____ dorsal ray
•___ spicules

A

semilunar cutting plates

BIFID

FUSED

27
Q

What form of larva is indistinguishable among hookworms???

A

Rhabditiform larva

28
Q

• Long buccal cavity, small genital primordium

A

Hookworm

Rhabditiform

29
Q

• Short buccal cavity, prominent genital primordium

A

Strongyloides stercoralis

Rhabditiform

30
Q

• Short esophagus

• Pointed tail

A

Hookworms

Filariform

31
Q

• Long esophagus

• Notched tail

A

Strongyloides stercoralis

Filariform

32
Q

• Difficult to distinguish the ___ of A duodenale vs N americanus

A

Ova

33
Q

Morphology you f hookworm egg

A

• Oval-round with thin, smooth and colorless albuminous (transparent) eggshell

• Contains clear space between the eggshell and ovum

34
Q

Hookworm Ovum usually contains____ cells when passed with feces

A

2-8

35
Q

Heart lung migration?

A

YES

36
Q

Pathology of Hookworm Infection

  1. Skin at the site of entry of the_____
A

filariform larvae

37
Q

Pathology of Hookworm Infection

____during larval migration

A

Lung

38
Q

Pathology of Hookworm Infection

3.______ as habitat of adult worm

A

Small intestine

39
Q

Ground itch or Dew itch

• Related to contact with____, especially on a dewy morning

•________ and localized_____ due to penetration of filariform larva

• Lasting for____ weeks

A

soil

Maculopapular lesions

erythema

2

40
Q

Lungs

•

•_____&______ due to the abundant larvae migrating through the lungs

• Minute hemorrhages with eosinophilic and leukocytic infiltration

A

Loeffler Syndrome

Bronchitis and pneumonitis

41
Q

Small Intestine

•______attaches the worm to the intestinal wall, saliva contains_____ which keeps the area bleeding

• Microcytic, hypochromic anemia due to loss of____

•_____ due to loss of albumin

• Abdominal pain, diarrhea, steatorrhea, exertional dyspnea, weakness, dizziness

A

Buccal capsule; anticoagulant

iron

Hypoalbuminemia

42
Q

Laboratory Diagnosis

A

• DFS, Kato-Katz technique
• Concentration method

• Culture method like HaradaMori

• Others: PCR, ELISA

43
Q

Treatment Anti-helminthics

• Drug of Choice:

• Alternative:

A

Albendazole 400 mg single dose

Mebendazole 500 mg single dose

44
Q

Other Pharmacologic Intervention

A

• Iron supplementation

• Adequate diet to address hypoalbuminemia

Parasitology Lec (31 decks)

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