Leishmania

Question 1

Class

Answer 1

Mastigophora

Question 2

Vector: (2)

Answer 2

Sandfly

– Genus Phlebotomus (Old World)
– Genus Lutzomyia (New World)

Question 3

Reservoir Hosts

– Urban:_____

– Rural:____

Answer 3

Dogs, rodents

Rodents

Question 4

Old world Leishmania

TAM

Answer 4

– L. tropica (Asia and Eastern Europe)
– L. aethiopica (Africa)
– L. major

Question 5

New World Leishmania (Mexico and America)

MAGBraCha

Answer 5

– L. mexicana
– L. amazonensis
– L. guyanensis
– L. braziliensis
– L. chagasi

Question 6

Genus

• Golden, brownish, or gray colored

• Hairy wings in vertical V-shape at rest

• 6 extremely long legs

Answer 6

Phlebotomus Sandfly

Question 7

Forms

• Host

• Vector

Answer 7

Amastigote (Replicative)

Promastigote (Replicative)

Question 8

• Hindgut:
____________

• Midgut, and Proboscis:
____________

Answer 8

– Subgenus Viannia

– Subgenus Viannia and Leishmania

Question 9

• Infective Stage:

• Diagnostic Stage:

Answer 9

Promastigote

Amastigote

Question 10

Diagnosis: observation of parasites in

Answer 10

aspirates or biopsy specimen

Question 11

Transmission:

– Majority:_____

– Others: congenital, blood transfusion, contamination of bite wounds, direct contact with contaminated specimens

Answer 11

Vector-borne

Question 12

Pathogenesis

• Forms

Answer 12

1. Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL)
2. Diffuse Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (DCL)
3. Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis (MCL)
4. Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL)

Question 13

• Most common form of disease

• IP: two weeks to months

Answer 13

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

Question 14

Etiologic agents:

: dry or urban oriental sore

: moist or rural oriental sore

: chiclero ulcer usually affecting ears

Answer 14

– L. tropica

– L. major

– L. mexicana

Question 15

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

•________: erythematous papule or nodule lesion produced on the bite site

– Raised edges and central crater or violaceous ulcer

– Heals spontaneously&raquo_space;> Scar formation (If NOT treated)

Answer 15

Oriental Button

Question 16

_______Leishmaniasis: CL progresses to other forms of Leishmaniasis

Answer 16

New World

Question 17

• AKA Anergic or Lepromatous Leishmaniasis

• Etiologic agent:

– L. aethiopica

Answer 17

Diffuse Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

Question 18

Localized non-ulcerating papule which eventually develop satellite lesions on the face and extremities

Answer 18

Diffuse Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

Question 19

Mucucutaneous Leishmaniasis

• Etiologic Agent

Answer 19

– L. braziliensis

– L. tropica

Question 20

– Nasal stuffness, epistaxis, and destruction of the nasal septum (ESPUNDIA)

– Progression into the pharynx and larynx may lead to dysphonia, dysphagia and even aspiration pneumonia

Answer 20

Mucucutaneous Leishmaniasis

Question 21

Nasal stuffness, epistaxis, and destruction of the nasal septum (_____)

Answer 21

ESPUNDIA

Question 22

• AKA Kala azar

• Disseminated parasitosis

– Start as a skin lesion&raquo_space;> involve the bone marrow, spleen and liver

• IP: 2-8 months

Answer 22

Visceral Leishmaniasis

Question 23

Visceral Leishmaniasis Etiologic Agent

Answer 23

L. donovani complex

Question 24

• Sequela of visceral leishmaniasis common in endemic areas; few months to years after treatment

• Manifests as cutaneous eruption resulting in hypopigmented macules, malar erythema, nodules, and ulceration

Answer 24

Post-kala azar Dermal Leishmaniasis

Question 25

Diagnosis

• Demonstration of the_____ in skin scraping, aspirates, and biopsies

• Giemsa stain, and H and E stain are used

Answer 25

AMASTIGOTE

Question 26

• If there is no enough amastigote in the tissue, culture is recommended

Answer 26

Novy, MacNeal, and Nicolle Medium

Question 27

• Leshmanin Skin Test

• Used to identify exposure to the parasite

• Positive in CL, MCL

• Negative in DCL, Kala azar

Answer 27

Montenegro Test