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Parasitology Lec > Toxocara species > Flashcards

Toxocara species Flashcards

1
Q

_____disease from stray dogs and cats

A

zoonotic

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2
Q

Larvae causes the disease:

• Toxocara____: dog roundworm

• Toxocara____: cat roundworm

A

canis

cati

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3
Q

Life cycle is completed in_____

A

dogs or cats

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4
Q

Female dogs

•_____ eggs may be reactivated and infects their puppies ->__________ transmission

A

Encysted

transplacental or transmammary

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5
Q

Epidemiology

• Common among_____ than adults
• Tendency to play in soil
• Exhibit geophagia or soil eating

• Common in places where dogs and cats are not dewormed

A

children

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6
Q

Biology

• Accidental Host:

A

Humans

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7
Q

Paratenic Host:

A

• Rabbits and small mammals

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8
Q

Definitive Hosts:

A

Dogs or cats

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9
Q

Infective Stage:

A

• Humans
• Embryonated ova
• Encysted larvae in small mammals like rabbit

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10
Q

Diagnostic Stage:

A

• Larvae encysted in tissues

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11
Q

• Shed unembryonated ova

A

Dogs and Cats

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12
Q

External environment

• Undergo_____ -> infective (ova containing L3)

A

embryonation

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13
Q

Embryonated Ova

  1. Ingested by the_____
  2. Ingested by____
A

definitve hosts (dogs/cats)

paratenic host

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14
Q

Host?

• Infective ova hatch to larva -> penetrate the gut wall

A

Definitive Host

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15
Q

Young dogs:

A

larvae undergo lung migration

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16
Q

Older:

A

larval encystment in tissues is more common

17
Q

Female Old Dogs:

A

encysted larvae reactivated during pregnancy

18
Q

Transplacental and transmammary

A

(T canis)

19
Q

Transmammary > Transplacental

A

(T cati)

20
Q

Habitat:

A

small intestine (usual young dogs)

21
Q

• Major source of environmental egg contamination

A

Young dogs

22
Q

2._______ Hosts - like rabbits

• Ingest embryonated ova (generally Toxocara canis)

• hatch to larvae and encyst in various tissues

A

Paratenic

23
Q

What host?

• Ingestion of embryonated ova, or infected paratenic host (Food-borne) -> L3 penetrate intestinal wall

• -> liver, heart, lungs, brain, muscle, eyes

A

Humans as accidental host

24
Q

Pathogenesis and Clinical Manifestations

• Migration of the larvae and death in different organs -> intense inflammatory response as eosinophilic granuloma

A

Visceral Larva Migrans (VLM)

25
Q

Pathogenesis

• Solitary mass -> seizures, encephalitis, optic neuritis, eosinophilic meningitis

A

CNS: Neurological Toxocariasis

26
Q

: pneumonia, respiratory failure

: hepatomegaly, necrosis

: Loeffler endomyocarditis

A

Lungs

Liver

Heart

27
Q

Pathogenesis and Clinical Manifestations

• Common among children 5-10 years old: unilateral visual impairment and strabismus

• Retinal Invasion: most serious consequence

A

Ocular Larva Migrans (OLM)

28
Q

Pathogenesis and Clinical Manifestations

• Less specific syndrome or may be asymptomatic

A

Covert Toxocariasis (CoTOX)

29
Q

Diagnosis

• Definitive:________

• Other Tests(2)

A

Tissue Biopsy demonstrating larva

• ELISA test for IgG
• PCR

30
Q

has no role in the diagnosis of human toxocariasis

A

Stool exam to demonstrate eggs

31
Q

Treatment

• Most patients recover without therapy

• If therapy is warranted:

•____ or _____PLUS ____

• For those with CNS, cardiac, or lung complications

A

Albendazole or Mebendazole PLUS anti-inflammatory drug (Steroids)

32
Q

Treatment is more difficult for_______ -> prevent progressive damage to the eye

A

Ocular Toxocariasis

33
Q

Prevention and Control

A

• Control and capture of stray dogs and cats

• Cleaning up feces from soil and pavements

• Closing of potentially contaminated areas to animals and children

• Gardens should be fenced to prevent fecal contamination by dogs and cats

• Vegetables gathered from possible contaminated gardens should be washed thoroughly.

• Avoidance of consumption of raw or undercooked meat of potentially infected animal.

• Hand washing at all times.

34
Q

Prevention and Control

• Strategic antihelminthic treatment of dogs and cats

• Puppies: start____ weeks of age, repeated every 2 weeks until 12 weeks age

• Adult: treated every__ months

• Female: after each____ cycle

A

2-3
6
estrus

35
Q

Ingested by paratenic host

A

L3 larvae in tissue

36
Q

Adults in (habitat) of definitive host

A

small intestine

37
Q

Unembryonated egg is embryonated in the _____

A

External environment

38
Q

Paratenic host ingests _____

A

Third stage larvae

39
Q

Humans ingests _____ from environment/ paratenic host

A

Third stage larvae

Parasitology Lec (31 decks)

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