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Parasitology Lec > Intro > Flashcards

Intro Flashcards

1
Q

: organisms living together

A

Symbionts

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2
Q

: association/relationship of two or more organisms living together of unlike organisms

A

Symbiosis

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3
Q

3 Major Symbiotic Relationships:

A

1) Mutualism

2) Commensalism

3) Parasitism

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4
Q

Biological relationship between two or more organisms when both the host and organism benefit from one another

A

Mutualism

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5
Q

Flagellates inside the digestive system of termites

A

Mutualism

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6
Q

The_____ inside the GIT of the termite digest the wood producing by-products that are digestible and readily assimilated by both the termite and the flagellates. In this case, both the organisms are mutually benefiting from each other.

A

flagellates

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7
Q

Lactobacilli in women’s urogenital tract

A

Mutualism

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8
Q

-one organism benefits but there is NO - beneficial or - harmful effect to the host

A

Commensalism

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9
Q

a protozoa that thrives in the human gut. It eats the bacteria and other artifacts in the human gut.

Nevertheless, it is neither harmful nor beneficial to the human host.

A

Entamoeba coli

Commensalism

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10
Q
  • One species (microbe) benefits at the expense atat the other
A

Parasitism

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11
Q

= living organism that takes nourishment and other needs through contact with another species

A

Parasite

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12
Q

= organism that supports parasite (nourishment) and later develops a disease

A

Host

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13
Q

derives nutrients from human host causing intestinal ulcers and dysentery

A

Entamoeba histolytica

Parasitism

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14
Q

Feeds on important items of intestine causing various illnesses

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

Parasitism

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15
Q

_____shaped ulcer typical of amoebic ulcer

A

flask

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16
Q

Study of parasites

A

Parasitology

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17
Q

Concerned with the phenomenon of dependence of one living organism on another

A

Parasitology

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18
Q

restricted to studying of humans, their geographic in or on the body caused by them, clinical distribution, the diseases response generated by humans picture, and the that affect humans either against them.

A

Medical parasitology or Human parasitology:

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19
Q

: parasitic infection is found in man alone (humans only)

A

Anthroponosis

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20
Q

: parasitic infections mainly affect man; animals become infected in life cycle of parasite line in taenia saginata or taenia solium)

A

Zooanthroponosis

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21
Q

: parasitic infection is mainly in
animal, may be acquired by man as in (echinococcus granulosus)

A

Anthropozonosis

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22
Q

Classification of parasites is based on

A

Location

Need of host

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23
Q

Location

A

Endoparasite
Ectoparasite

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24
Q

a parasitic organism that lives on the outer surface of its host

A

Ectoparasites

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25
Q

Ectoparasites

A

lice (head & pubic), ticks, mites etc.

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26
Q

parasites that live inside the body of their host

A

Endoparasites

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27
Q

Endoparasites

A

E.g. Entamoeba histolytica and Ascaris lumbricoides

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28
Q

: presence of ectoparasites

A

Infestation

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29
Q

: presence of endoparasites

A

Infection

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30
Q

Completely dependent on the host during a segment or all of its life cycle

A

Obligate parasite

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31
Q

It cannot complete its life cycle without the host

Ex: Plasmodium spp. - causes malaria; need ______ and _______to develop and reproduce

A

Obligate parasite

mosquito and humans

32
Q

Exhibits both parasitic and non-parasitic modes of living and hence does NOT absolutely depend on the parasitic way of life, but is capable of adapting to it if placed on a host

A

Facultative Parasite

33
Q

Can develop inside or outside the host
Ex: Strongyloides stercoralis

A

Facultative parasite

34
Q

may exist in Free-living state or may become parasitic when the need arises

A

facultative parasite

35
Q

Other types of parasites

A

Accidental
Erratic
Intermittent
Permanent
Spurious
Pseudoparasite
Hyperparasite

36
Q

parasite attacks an unnatural host and survives but may or may not complete life cycle

A

Accidental/Incidental Parasite

37
Q

establishes itself in a nost where it does not ordinarily live

A

Accidental parasites

38
Q

: accidental parasite; (normally attacks canines)

A

“Echinococcus granulosus

39
Q

Accidental host of Echinococcus granulosus

A

Humans

40
Q

found not in its usual habitat

parasite that wanders into an organ in which it is not usually found

A

Erratic or Aberrant Parasite

41
Q

in humans = lives inside the small intestine but can crawl to the pancreatic duct causing pancreatitis

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

Erratic

42
Q

= usually thrives in the colon but may reach the liver or lungs causing amoebic liver abscess or amoebic lung abscess or empyema

A

Entamoeba histolytica

Erratic

43
Q

those that only visit the host from time to time for feeding

A

Intermittent or Temporary Parasites

44
Q

Ex:/mosquito pregnant female mosquito will not forever attach and live on the human host, it just visits the host during feeding

A

Intermittent parasites

45
Q

remains on the host for life
Ex: Trypanosomes. Wuchereria,Filaria

A

Permanent Parasite

46
Q

organisms that have been swallowed and passed through the alimentary tract (GIT) without causing any effect

not cause disease medical disorders

A

Spurious or Coprozoic Parasite

47
Q

Terms used to mean an artifact but mistaken as parasite (NOT a true parasite)

A

Pseudoparasite

48
Q

o
Parasite that parasitizes another parasite

A

Hyperparasite

49
Q

Female ixodes angustus tick = parasite to humans;
Male tick = hyperparasite as it parasitizes the female tick

A

Hyperparasite

50
Q

TYPES OF HOSTS

A

Definitive
Intermediate

51
Q

a host that harbors a parasite in the adult stage or where the parasite undergoes a sexual reproduction

A

Definitive host

52
Q

Definitive or intermediate

  • Ex. Humans in taeniasis
A

Definitive

53
Q

harbors the Larval stages of the parasite or an asexual cycle of development takes place

A

Intermediate Host

54
Q

Definitive or intermediate

Ex. Pigs in T. solium, cattle in T. saginata

A

Intermediate

55
Q

A_______ is one in which the parasite attains sexual maturity.

In Taeniasis a human is considered as _______

A

definitive

56
Q

An_____ host harbors the asexual or larval stage of the parasite. Pigs or
cattle serve as intermediate hosts of Taenia spp.. while snails are hosts of
Schistosoma spp

A

intermediate

57
Q

Life cycle of Capillaria philippinensis

Humans =
Fish =

A

definitive hosts

intermediate hosts

58
Q

Life cycle of Taenia spp.

Humans =
Pigs & Cattle =

A

definitive hosts

intermediate hosts

59
Q

Life cycle of Malaria

Humans =
Mosquitoes =

A

intermediate hosts

definitive hosts

60
Q

in some cases, larval development is completed in TWO different intermediate hosts referred to as

First Intermediate Host
Second Intermediate Host

A

Intermediate Hosts

61
Q

Is a hermaphrodite meaning the mature proglottid of the adult parasite contains both testes and ovaries.

Sexual reproduction happens in the human body

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

62
Q

Life cycle of Diphyllobothrium latum

= definitive host
= 1st intermediate host
= 2nd intermediate host
= paratenic host

A

Humans

Copepod

Small fish

Big fish

63
Q

a host that serves as a temporary refuge and vehicle for reaching an obligatory host, usually the definitive host

A

Paratenic Host

64
Q

i.e. it is NOT necessary for the completion of the parasite’s life cycle

A

Paratenic host

65
Q

There is NO development of the parasite inside the________

Ex. Wild boar in Paragonimus westermani

A

paratenic host

66
Q

a host that makes the parasite available for the transmission to another host and is usually not affected by the infection.

A

Reservoir Host

67
Q

The unending source of parasite

Ex.____ for Balantidium coli, Field____ for Paragonimus westermani,___ for Brugia malayi

A

Reservoir Host

Pigs
rats
Cats

68
Q

a host that is naturally infected with certain species of parasite.
Ex. Canines in ______

A

Natural host

Echinococcus granulosus

69
Q

a host that is under normal circumstances not
infected with the parasite
Ex.______ in Echinococcus granulosus

A

Accidental Host

Humans

70
Q

Life cycle of Echinococcus granulosus

= definitive host
= accidental host
= accidental parasite to human

A

Canine
Human
Echinococcus granulosus

71
Q

Types of life cycle

A

Direct
Indirect

72
Q

Direct LC or

A

Monoxenous LC

73
Q

Indirect LC or

A

Heteroxenous LC

74
Q

parasite does NOT REQUIRE an intermediate host to complete its life cycle

A

Direct life cycle

75
Q

parasite REQUIRES an intermediate host to complete its life cycle

A

Indirect life cycle

76
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

Direct or Indirect LC

A

Direct

77
Q

Dracunculus medinensis

Direct or Indirect

A

Indirect

Parasitology Lec (31 decks)

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