Anisakis Flashcards
Nematode parasite of
whales
dolphins
pospoises
walruses
seals
sea lions
other deepmarine mammals
Infective species
• Anisakis simplex
• Pseudoterranova decipiens
Related species
• Contracaecum sp
• Hysterothylacium sp
Definitive Hosts
• Whales, dolphins, pospoises, walruses, seals, sea lions, and other deep-marine mammals
Intermediate Host:
• Crustacean (L2 -> L3)
Paratenic Hosts
• Squid, fish
Accidental Host
• Humans
Epidemiology
• Not a very common infection
• Reported all over the world, usually___ population
• Consumption of raw or inadequately cooked___
coastal
fish
• Asia: common in
• Europe: common in
•___ & ____ America
Japan, Korea
Netherlands, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, UK
North and South
Biology: Adult
• Embedded in ____of marine mammal host
gastric wall
Biology: Ova
• Discharged_____ into the sea
unembryonated ova
Biology: Larva
• First Stage Larva
• Developed inside the___
• Second Stage Larva
• Hatched from ova and release free-swimming L2
• Ingested by____
• Third Stage Larva
• Crustaceans:
• Harbored by____ hosts
ovum
crustaceans
L2 -> L3
paratenic
Type of larva
• Long stomach
• Blunt tail with mucron
Type I Larvae
Type of larva
• Shorter stomach
• Blunt tail
Type II Larvae
Pathogenesis and Clinical Manifestations
• Larval infection in the stomach (do not grow into adults in humans)
• Eosinophilic gastroenteritis
• Eosinophilic granulomatous response in the intestine mimicking acute appendicitis
Anisakiasis/Anisakidosis
Pathogenesis and Clinical Manifestations
• Oropharynx, esophagus, colon
• Tingling Throat Syndrome: larvae invade oropharynx
Ectopic Anisakidosis
Diagnosis
• Definitive:
• Direct Visualization of Third Stage Larva through _____
• Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Diagnosis
Serology:
ELISA
Treatment
•_____ removal of larvae
•_____ for allergic reaction
• Possible drug:_____
Mechanical
Steroids
albendazole
Prevention and Control
• Thorough cooking of food
• Blast freezing
• (-) 35C for____ hours
• (-)20C for__ days
• Raising awareness to producers and consumers
15 hrs
7 days
Marine mammal definitive hosts ingest_____ paratenic hosts, and____ larvae develop into adults in the gastric mucosa.
fish/squid
L3
Definitive hosts excrete_____ eggs in feces.
unembryonated
Eggs become embryonated in____ and L3 larvae form in the eggs.
water
L3 larvae hatch from eggs as ensheathed, free-swimming forms.
Free-swimminq larvae are ingested by______, and develop in the hemocoel.
crustaceans
Infected crustaceans are eaten by________ paratenic hosts.
L3 larvae released in digestion migrate to the mesentery and muscle tissues, and can be transferred to other paratenic hosts via predatoon
fish or cephalopod
Transmission to____ via raw
or undercooked seafood consumption.
humans
Diagnosis of anisakiasis can be made by______ examination during which the larvae can be removed.
gastroscopic
