Translation

Question 1

What does degenerate mean?

Answer 1

A single code is unambiguous as to which AA it codes for, but there are several codes that can code for any given AA.

Question 2

3 steps of translation

Answer 2

initiation, elongation, termination

Question 3

What is the start codon?

Answer 3

AUG

Question 4

anticodon

Answer 4

complimentary to codons in RNA strand

Question 5

tRNA synthetase

Answer 5

bind AA to 3’ end of tRNA

Question 6

how many ATP does translation require?

Answer 6

about 2 ATP

Question 7

Initiation

Answer 7

Small ribosomal subunit binds upstream from AUG. tRNA/ Methianine (UAC) binds to start codon. Large ribosomal subunit then comes to bind.

Question 8

Elongation

Answer 8

Next three base pairs code for another AA which binds using GTP hydrolysis. Nucleophilic attack from the aminoacyl group of this AA onto the carboxyl group of the C-terminus of the next AA. Translocation-mRNA being pulled through ribosomes, growing chain on peptide site and a new AA on the aminoacyl site. Keep going until reach stop codon.

Question 9

Stop codons

Answer 9

UAG, UGA, UAA