Digestive System

Question 1

Hetertrophic

Answer 1

unable to synthesize own nutrients

Question 2

ingestion

Answer 2

eating

Question 3

digestion

Answer 3

breakdown of large molecules into smaller molecules that can be absorbed into the bloodstream and used directly by cells

Question 4

intracellular digestion

Answer 4

occurs within the cell, usually in membrane-bound vessicles.

Question 5

Extracellular digestion

Answer 5

occurs outside the cell, within a lumen or a tract

Question 6

What is the order of the human digestive tract?

Answer 6

oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, anus

Question 7

What are the accessory organs of digestive system?

Answer 7

salivary glands, pancreas, liver, gallbladder

Question 8

Oral Cavity

Answer 8

Where mechanical and chemical digestion of food begins.

Question 9

mechanical digestion

Answer 9

breakdown of large food particles into smaller particles through physical actions such as biting and chewing with teeth, or churning motion of stomach

Question 10

mastication

Answer 10

biting and chewing with teeth

Question 11

Chemical digestion

Answer 11

enzymatic breakdown of macromolecules into smaller molecules and begins in the mouth when the salivary glands secrete saliva

Question 12

saliva

Answer 12

lubricates food to facilitate swallowing and provides a solvent for food particles. Secreted inthe presence of food in oral cavity

Question 13

salivary amylase (ptyalin)

Answer 13

hydrolyzes starch to maltose

Question 14

bolus

Answer 14

food that has been moistened and chewed enough to be swallowed

Question 15

esophagus

Answer 15

muscular tube leading from the mouth to the stomach. Body of esophagus lies within the thoracic cavity

Question 16

peristalsis

Answer 16

food is moved down esophagus through rhythmic waves of involuntary muscular contractions.

Question 17

lower esophageal sphincter (cardiac sphincter)

Answer 17

esophagus is closed off from the stomach by contraction of this

Question 18

GERD

Answer 18

decreased lower esophageaal sphincter pressure, leading to increased passage of stomach contents into the esophagus. Reflux can occur after spontaneous transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations not associated with swallowing. Resting pressure of the lower esophageal sphincter normally range from 15-35mmHg above gastric baseline pressure.

Question 19

stomach

Answer 19

large, muscular organ located in upper abdomen, stores and partially digests food. Walls are lined with gastric mucosa

Question 20

mucus

Answer 20

protect stomach lining from the harshly acidic juices present in stomach. pH=2

Question 21

chief cells in gastric glands

Answer 21

secrete pepsinogen

Question 22

pepsin

Answer 22

pepsinogen is converted to this upon contact with stomach acid and breaks down proteins.

Question 23

Parietal Cells

Answer 23

present in the gastric gland, secrete HCl, which alters the pH of the stomach and kills bacteria. secrete intrinsic factor which is necessary for the absorption of vit b12.

Question 24

chyme

Answer 24

the churning of the stomach, combined with the enzymatic activity, produces acidic, semifluid mixture of partially digested food known as this

Question 25

duodenum

Answer 25

chyme passes into this first segment of the small intestine through the pyloric sphincter.