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Cell communication Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Fluid Mosaic Model of Plasma Membrane

A

Phospholipid Bilayer, Proteins, Cholesterol

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2
Q

Types of membrane proteins

A

transmembrane, integral, peripheral. Usually glycosylated

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3
Q

Transmembrane Protein

A

Channel Proteins, Spans membrane

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4
Q

Integral Proteins

A

Hydrophobic region that anchors it to the phospholipid bilayer. Usually has polysaccharides on it

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5
Q

Peripheral Protein

A

Electrostatic, Not actually anchored

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6
Q

Why is it important to separate inside and outside of the cell with plasma membrane?

A

Compartmentalization. Creates Gradients, islets nutrients

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7
Q

Channel Protein

A

Allows polar, large molecules to pass through the plasma membrane. Form barrel in membrane. Very specific

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8
Q

Carrier Proteins

A

Actually bind the thing trying to get through and cause conformational change, carries it through the membrane

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9
Q

Porins

A

Holes in membrane that all simple diffusion. Not specific, not common in animal cells

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10
Q

What is the significance in the membrane proteins being glycosylated?

A

Happens in Golgi and RER, recpetors, play role in signaling, for barriers

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11
Q

What gives cell receptors their recognition capabilities?

A

Polysaccharides. On exterior of cell receptor where the ligand binds.

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12
Q

Adhesion Proteins

A

Gap Junction, Tight Juction, Desmosomes, Plasmadesmata

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13
Q

Gap Junctions

A

Nutrient exchange, cell-to-cell communication. Example is heart

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14
Q

Tight Junctions

A

Encircle cells and adhere to cells around it. Seal extracellular space. Example is GI Tract

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15
Q

Desmosomes

A

Spot welds between cells. Mechanical strength. example is Skin

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16
Q

Plasmadesmata

A

Between plant cells. Open channels between the cells that allow nutrients to exchange

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17
Q

Glycocalics

A

Carb Coating around a cell.Not all cells have this. More common in bacteria. Barrier to infection and help in adhesion for cell to cell communication

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18
Q

Passive Transport

A

Doesn’t require ATP. With the concentration gradient. Simple and Facilitated diffusion

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19
Q

Simple Diffusion

A

Passive. Right across the membrane, O2, CO2, lipids. Down concentration gradient

20
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

Passive. Traveling down concentration gradient with the help of carrier protein, etc.

21
Q

Active Transport

A

Requires ATP. Primary and secondary

22
Q

Primary Active Transport

A

Across membrane and directly coupled with ATP hydrolysis. Na/K Pump

23
Q

Secondary Active Transport

A

Not coupled with ATP directly. Usually piggy backs off f Primary active transport and goes back down concentration gradient. Glucose/Na Symport

24
Q

Na/K Pump

A

3Na for every 2K.

25
Q

Resting Membrane Potential

A

-70mV in cell. Higher concentration of Na outside of cell and higher concentration of K inside the cell.

26
Q

What happens when ligand binds receptor?

A

Receptor undergoes conformational change that spans the membrane. signal transduction occurs. Activates G protein (peripheral) which activates Adenylate Cyclase (second messenger). Cascade effect

27
Q

What is the second messenger

A

Adenylate Cyclase

28
Q

What is osmosis

A

diffusion of water. high concentration to low concentration

29
Q

plasmolysis

A

destruction of cytoplasm (hypertonic)

30
Q

Cytolysis

A

destruction of cell (hypotonic)

31
Q

What can withstand hypotonic solution without bursting?

A

cell walls of plants and bacteria

32
Q

Phagocytosis

A

Cell eating (solids)

33
Q

Pinocytosis

A

Cell drinking (dissolved stuff)

34
Q

receptor mediated endocytosis

A

Triggered via receptors

35
Q

Microtubules

A

Largest. Made of Tubulin monomer, Form as cylinder in 9+2 fashion. Flagella/cilia. Make up spindle fibers

36
Q

Intermediate Filaments

A

Medium size. Shape and rigidity of cell

37
Q

Microfilaments

A

Smalles. Made of actin. Cellular motility. Cytokines (cell division)

38
Q

Which phase of the cell cycle is the longest?

A

Interphase

39
Q

What phases comprise interphase?

A

G1, S, G2

40
Q

Heterochromatin

A

Inaccessible to transcription

41
Q

Euchromatin

A

Accesible to transcription. loosely packed

42
Q

Prophase

A

Chromosomes condense, nuclear envelope disappears, centrioles (microtubule organizing center) migrate to opposite poles

43
Q

Metaphase

A

Chromosomes lined along the metaphase plate. Spindle fibers have attached to the centromeres of each of the chromosomes

44
Q

Anaphase

A

Sister chromatids pulled apart. Spindle Fibers shortening. Cleavage Furrow Forms

45
Q

Telophase/Cytokinesis

A

Nuclear membrane forms, cells completely divided.

Biology (28 decks)

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