Integumentary/Immune system

Question 1

What is Integument composed of?

Answer 1

hair, skin and nails

Question 2

skin microbiome

Answer 2

normal skin flora that prevent other more harmful organisms from occupying that space. Can be pathogenic if penetrates the skin

Question 3

two layers of the skin

Answer 3

dermis and epidermis. Connected together by basement membrane

Question 4

dermis

Answer 4

contains the blood supply to skin and most specialized cells

Question 5

epidermis

Answer 5

contains keratinocytes, which differentiate into corneocytes

Question 6

corneocytes

Answer 6

waterproof cells that do not undergo further replication and are routinely sloughed off and replaced

Question 7

immune system

Answer 7

plays role in destruction of internal pathogens

Question 8

antigens

Answer 8

the body can distinguish between self and non self and recognize and remember non self qualities in other cells

Question 9

Two types of immunity

Answer 9

Humoral and cell-mediated

Question 10

humoral immunity

Answer 10

antibody production

Question 11

cell-mediated immunity

Answer 11

cells that combat fungal and viral infections

Question 12

inflammatory response

Answer 12

activated by white cells that release histamine. diates and increases the permeability of blood vessels. accompanied by fever

Question 13

lymphatic system

Answer 13

found in extravascular space of most tissues

Question 14

lymph

Answer 14

flows through the lymph vessels from lymph node to lymph node

Question 15

lymph nodes and spleen

Answer 15

reservoirs of white blood cells and filters for lymph

Question 16

different types of leukocytes

Answer 16

granulocytes, monocytes, T Lymphocytes, B Lymphocytes

Question 17

different typesGranulocytes

Answer 17

neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils

Question 18

neutrophils

Answer 18

most common type of granulocyte. first responders in sites of inflammation. Attached to cytokines and attract additional white blood cells. More Adapted to attack bacteria. Main component of pus

Question 19

Eosinophils

Answer 19

less common granulocyte responsible for immune responses in allergic and asthmatic. Elevated levels on a CBC indicate infection by a intercellular parasite.

Question 20

Basophils

Answer 20

have related mast cells. allergic responses, responsible for release of histamine. High levels indicate ectoparasites

Question 21

different types of monocytes

Answer 21

Dendritic and macrophages

Question 22

dendritic cells

Answer 22

process antigens and presents them to other immune cells. link between innate and adaptive immune system. Found in areas in contact with external environment

Question 23

macrophages

Answer 23

phagocytize dead cells and pathogens. antigens mounted on macrophage to stimulate other immune cells to do the same.

Question 24

T- Lymphocytes

Answer 24

Major histocompatability complex lets corresponding T cell know to do its job.

Question 25

Cytotoxic T cells

Answer 25

AKA CD8+T Cells. recognize antigens of MHC I complex.

Question 26

T Helper Cells

Answer 26

AKA CD4+ Cells. recognize and respond to antigens on MHC II. contain cytokines to alert other WBC to mature and activate

Question 27

memory T cells

Answer 27

remember certain reactions so they can do it again later

Question 28

Regulatory or Supressor T cells

Answer 28

tone done T cell response to self cells or following infection

Question 29

Where do T cells develop?

Answer 29

Bone Marrow

Question 30

Where to T cells Mature?

Answer 30

Thymus, then released in the lymph

Question 31

AIDS

Answer 31

low T cells

Question 32

B Lymphocytes

Answer 32

create and express antibodies (immunoglobulins) that have a high affinity for the antigen expressed by the stimulating T cell. Can also stimulate the formation of memory cells.

Question 33

Where do B lymphocytes develop?

Answer 33

Bone Marrow

Question 34

Where do B lymphocytes mature?

Answer 34

Bone Marrow

Question 35

antibodies

Answer 35

secreted by B cells. Also called Immunoglobulins. specific targeted response to antigens. Looks like a “Y.” light chain and heavy chain held together by disulfide bonds. Unique antigen binding region.

Question 36

Active immunity

Answer 36

occurs as a response to a immune response. Vaccination or exposure to pathogen or antigen can cause this.

Question 37

Passive immunity

Answer 37

transfer of antibodies from one individual to another. pregnancy

Question 38

Innate immunity

Answer 38

initial response. does not require the cells to be previously exposed to any given antigen. limited. includes anatomic features, physiologic response, phagocytic cells, inflammation

Question 39

adaptive immunity

Answer 39

lymphocytes, plasma cells, antigen-presenting cells.

Question 40

transplant rejection

Answer 40

recognizes as non self and gets attacked. use immunosuppressant drugs.