Integumentary/Immune system Flashcards
What is Integument composed of?
hair, skin and nails
skin microbiome
normal skin flora that prevent other more harmful organisms from occupying that space. Can be pathogenic if penetrates the skin
two layers of the skin
dermis and epidermis. Connected together by basement membrane
dermis
contains the blood supply to skin and most specialized cells
epidermis
contains keratinocytes, which differentiate into corneocytes
corneocytes
waterproof cells that do not undergo further replication and are routinely sloughed off and replaced
immune system
plays role in destruction of internal pathogens
antigens
the body can distinguish between self and non self and recognize and remember non self qualities in other cells
Two types of immunity
Humoral and cell-mediated
humoral immunity
antibody production
cell-mediated immunity
cells that combat fungal and viral infections
inflammatory response
activated by white cells that release histamine. diates and increases the permeability of blood vessels. accompanied by fever
lymphatic system
found in extravascular space of most tissues
lymph
flows through the lymph vessels from lymph node to lymph node
lymph nodes and spleen
reservoirs of white blood cells and filters for lymph
different types of leukocytes
granulocytes, monocytes, T Lymphocytes, B Lymphocytes
different typesGranulocytes
neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils
neutrophils
most common type of granulocyte. first responders in sites of inflammation. Attached to cytokines and attract additional white blood cells. More Adapted to attack bacteria. Main component of pus
Eosinophils
less common granulocyte responsible for immune responses in allergic and asthmatic. Elevated levels on a CBC indicate infection by a intercellular parasite.
Basophils
have related mast cells. allergic responses, responsible for release of histamine. High levels indicate ectoparasites
different types of monocytes
Dendritic and macrophages
dendritic cells
process antigens and presents them to other immune cells. link between innate and adaptive immune system. Found in areas in contact with external environment
macrophages
phagocytize dead cells and pathogens. antigens mounted on macrophage to stimulate other immune cells to do the same.
T- Lymphocytes
Major histocompatability complex lets corresponding T cell know to do its job.
Cytotoxic T cells
AKA CD8+T Cells. recognize antigens of MHC I complex.
T Helper Cells
AKA CD4+ Cells. recognize and respond to antigens on MHC II. contain cytokines to alert other WBC to mature and activate
memory T cells
remember certain reactions so they can do it again later
Regulatory or Supressor T cells
tone done T cell response to self cells or following infection
Where do T cells develop?
Bone Marrow
Where to T cells Mature?
Thymus, then released in the lymph
AIDS
low T cells
B Lymphocytes
create and express antibodies (immunoglobulins) that have a high affinity for the antigen expressed by the stimulating T cell. Can also stimulate the formation of memory cells.
Where do B lymphocytes develop?
Bone Marrow
Where do B lymphocytes mature?
Bone Marrow
antibodies
secreted by B cells. Also called Immunoglobulins. specific targeted response to antigens. Looks like a “Y.” light chain and heavy chain held together by disulfide bonds. Unique antigen binding region.
Active immunity
occurs as a response to a immune response. Vaccination or exposure to pathogen or antigen can cause this.
Passive immunity
transfer of antibodies from one individual to another. pregnancy
Innate immunity
initial response. does not require the cells to be previously exposed to any given antigen. limited. includes anatomic features, physiologic response, phagocytic cells, inflammation
adaptive immunity
lymphocytes, plasma cells, antigen-presenting cells.
transplant rejection
recognizes as non self and gets attacked. use immunosuppressant drugs.
