Evolution

Question 1

Evolution

Answer 1

ability to pass on alleles

Question 2

natural selection

Answer 2

differential reproduction of an organism based upon the fitness in its environment.

Question 3

stabilizing selection

Answer 3

selection against the extremes ( for the averages)

Question 4

directional selection

Answer 4

selection against one extreme ( for the opposite extreme)

Question 5

disruptive (divergent) selection

Answer 5

selection against the averages (for the extremes)

Question 6

artificial selection

Answer 6

directional selection done by humans with selecting for traits in animals and crops

Question 7

sexual selection

Answer 7

differential mating between males and females.

Question 8

species

Answer 8

organisms capable of procreation of fit offspring

Question 9

Polymorphism

Answer 9

when multiple phenotypes exist within a population. several kinds of eye colors.

Question 10

Adaptation

Answer 10

an inherited trait that confers greater fitness

Question 11

specialization

Answer 11

an adaptation to a specific function of environment

Question 12

inbreeding

Answer 12

increased likelihood of mating between organisms with similar genotypes

Question 13

outbreeding

Answer 13

increased likelihood of mating between organisms with different genotypes

Question 14

genetic drift

Answer 14

random change in allele frequencies in a population. Smaller populations are more susceptible to this

Question 15

bottleneck

Answer 15

dramatic decrease in size of a population making it susceptible to genetic drift

Question 16

convergent evolution

Answer 16

two species posses the same analogous structures unrelated to common ancestor. Bird wings and Bat wings

Question 17

divergent evolution

Answer 17

divergent leading to distinct populations/species

Question 18

parallel evolution

Answer 18

similar evolutionary changes in a different species due to similar environmental pressures