Transient Loss of Consciousness (TLoC) Flashcards

1
Q

What is Transient Loss of Consciousness (TLoC)?

A

Spontaneous loss of consciousness with full recovery without any residual neurological deficit.

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2
Q

What are 3 common causes of TLoC?

A

cardiovascular disorders,
neurological conditions (e.g., epilepsy),
psychogenic attacks.

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3
Q

What is a structural cardiac cause of TLoC?

A

Myocardial Infarction: Impacts systemic function due to non-conductive, non-contractile tissue.

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4
Q

What is another structural cardiac cause of TLoC?

A

Valvular Heart Disease: Heart valve failure can lead to TLoC.

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5
Q

What condition can cause TLoC related to cardiomyopathy?

A

Conditions like hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and aortic stenosis can cause TLoC.

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6
Q

What are bradyarrhythmias?

A

Bradyarrhythmias include conditions like Sick Sinus Syndrome and various heart blocks.

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7
Q

What is Sick Sinus Syndrome?

A

Abnormal pacing of electrical signals, increasing risk with age.

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8
Q

What characterizes 2nd Degree T1 (Wenckebach)?

A

Increasing delay at AV node until a P wave is not conducted.

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9
Q

What characterizes 2nd Degree T2 (Mobitz)?

A

Sudden loss of a QRS wave due to non-transmission of the P wave.

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10
Q

What is 3rd Degree heart block?

A

Complete heart block with independent atrial and ventricular beats.

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11
Q

What are LBBB and RBBB?

A

Delayed impulses leading to widened QRS.

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12
Q

What is Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT)?

A

Includes atrial fibrillation, flutter, and tachycardia.

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13
Q

What is Atrial Fibrillation?

A

Irregular and rapid heart rhythm from random pacemaker cell firing.

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14
Q

What characterizes Atrial Flutter?

A

Characterized by a ‘saw tooth’ pattern.

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15
Q

What is Vasovagal Syncope?

A

Triggered by pain or emotional upset, causing autonomic dysfunction.

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16
Q

What is Carotid Sinus Hypersensitivity?

A

Can be triggered by tight clothing or neck movements.

17
Q

What is Situational Syncope?

A

Occurs during specific actions like micturition or defecation.

18
Q

What is Orthostatic Hypotension?

A

A condition that can be caused by primary or secondary autonomic failure and hypovolaemia.

19
Q

What is Primary Autonomic Failure?

A

Conditions like Parkinson’s can lead to this.

20
Q

What is Secondary Autonomic Failure?

A

Diabetes Mellitus can contribute.

21
Q

What causes hypovolaemia?

A

Caused by vomiting, diarrhea, or hemorrhage.

22
Q

What are non-syncopal causes of TLoC?

A

Includes seizures (epileptic vs. non-epileptic), hypoglycemia, head injury, and psychogenic factors.

23
Q

What are red flags for TLoC?

A

New ECG abnormalities, acute heart failure, exertional TLoC, family history of sudden cardiac death.