Definitions of conditions

Question 1

What is Addison’s disease?

Answer 1

Addison’s disease is characterized by insufficient production of hormones by the adrenal glands, particularly cortisol and aldosterone. Symptoms include fatigue, weight loss, and low blood pressure.

Question 2

What is Cushing’s syndrome?

Answer 2

Cushing’s syndrome results from excessive cortisol production or prolonged use of corticosteroid medications. Symptoms include weight gain, thinning skin, and high blood pressure.

Question 3

What is alcoholic brain injury?

Answer 3

Alcoholic brain injury refers to cognitive impairments and neurological deficits caused by chronic alcohol abuse. Symptoms can include memory loss and difficulty with coordination.

Question 4

What is Alzheimer’s disease?

Answer 4

Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that leads to memory loss, cognitive decline, and changes in behavior.

Question 5

What is appendicitis?

Answer 5

Appendicitis is the inflammation of the appendix, often resulting from a blockage. Symptoms typically include abdominal pain, nausea, and fever.

Question 6

What is asthma?

Answer 6

Asthma is a respiratory condition marked by attacks of spasm in the bronchi, causing difficulty in breathing. It is often linked to allergic reactions or hypersensitivity.

Question 7

What is bronchiectasis?

Answer 7

Bronchiectasis is characterized by the abnormal and permanent dilation of the bronchi, leading to chronic cough and sputum production due to recurrent lung infections.

Question 8

What is cholangitis?

Answer 8

Cholangitis is an infection of the bile duct system, often caused by a blockage, typically from gallstones. Symptoms include jaundice, fever, and abdominal pain.

Question 9

What is cholecystitis?

Answer 9

Cholecystitis is the inflammation of the gallbladder, usually due to gallstone blockage. Symptoms can include severe abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting.

Question 10

What is chronic bronchitis?

Answer 10

Chronic bronchitis is a long-term inflammation of the bronchi, characterized by a persistent cough and production of sputum.

Question 11

What is diabetes?

Answer 11

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period. It can lead to serious complications if not managed properly.

Question 12

What are DKA and HHS?

Answer 12

DKA (Diabetic Ketoacidosis) is a serious complication of diabetes due to excessive fat breakdown. HHS (Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State) is characterized by extremely high blood sugar levels without significant ketone production.

Question 13

What is emphysema?

Answer 13

Emphysema is a chronic lung condition where the alveoli are damaged, leading to reduced surface area for gas exchange.

Question 14

What is epilepsy?

Answer 14

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures due to abnormal electrical activity in the brain.

Question 15

What are febrile convulsions?

Answer 15

Febrile convulsions are seizures that occur in young children due to fever, typically associated with viral infections.

Question 16

What is gastroenteritis?

Answer 16

Gastroenteritis is the inflammation of the stomach and intestines, leading to diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain.

Question 17

What is hepatitis?

Answer 17

Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver, commonly caused by viral infections, alcohol consumption, or autoimmune diseases. Symptoms may include jaundice, fatigue, and abdominal pain.

Question 18

What are hypo and hyperthyroidism?

Answer 18

Hypothyroidism is when the thyroid gland does not produce enough hormones, while hyperthyroidism is when excessive hormone production occurs.

Question 19

What is meningitis?

Answer 19

Meningitis is the inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, often caused by infections. Symptoms include headache, fever, and neck stiffness.

Question 20

What is Benzylpenicillin?

Answer 20

Benzylpenicillin is an antibiotic used to treat various bacterial infections.

Question 21

What is multiple sclerosis?

Answer 21

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic disease affecting the central nervous system, characterized by the degeneration of myelin sheaths.

Question 22

What is osteoarthritis?

Answer 22

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease characterized by the breakdown of cartilage, leading to pain and stiffness.

Question 23

What is osteoporosis?

Answer 23

Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by weakened bones, increasing the risk of fractures.

Question 24

What is pancreatitis?

Answer 24

Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, which can be acute or chronic, often leading to abdominal pain and digestive issues.

Question 25

What is Parkinson’s disease?

Answer 25

Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurological disorder characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, leading to motor function impairment.

Question 26

What is pneumothorax?

Answer 26

Pneumothorax is the presence of air in the pleural space, which can cause lung collapse and difficulty breathing.

Question 27

What is pulmonary embolism?

Answer 27

Pulmonary embolism is the sudden blockage of a major blood vessel in the lung, usually by a blood clot, leading to severe respiratory distress.

Question 28

What is rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer 28

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder that causes chronic inflammation of the joints, leading to pain and disability.

Question 29

What are strokes and TIAs?

Answer 29

Strokes occur when blood flow to the brain is interrupted, leading to brain damage. TIAs are temporary episodes of reduced blood flow to the brain.

Question 30

What is transient loss of consciousness?

Answer 30

Transient loss of consciousness refers to brief episodes where a person loses awareness, which can be caused by various factors.