Medications

Question 1

Indication of Activated Charcoal 50g in 250ml

Answer 1

Oral drug overdose within 1 hr.

Question 2

Indication of Adrenaline 1 in 1,000

Answer 2

Anaphylaxis
Life-threatening asthma, deterioration despite nebuliser therapy.

Question 3

Actions of Adrenaline 1 in 1,000

Answer 3

Relives bronchospasm in acute severe asthma.
Reverses allergic manifestation of acute anaphylaxis.

Question 4

What drug type is Adrenaline

Answer 4

Sympathomimetic

Question 5

Indication of Adrenaline 1 in 10,000

Answer 5

Cardiac arrest
Post ROSC circulatory support.

Question 6

Actions of Adrenaline 1 in 10,000

Answer 6

stimulates both alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors.
This makes myocardial and cerebral blood flow enhanced during CPR.
CPR becomes more effective due to increased peripheral resistance which improves perfusion pressures.

Question 7

Drug type is Amiodarone

Answer 7

Antiarrhythmic

Question 8

Indication of Amiodarone

Answer 8

Cardiac arrest in VF, neg pulse VT, if after 3rd shock give 300mg, then after 5th shock give 150mg.

Question 9

4 Actions of Amiodarone

Answer 9

Blocks sodium and potassium channels in cardiac muscle.
Acts to stabilise and reduce electrical irritability of cardiac muscle.
Lengthens cardiac action potential
Prolongs QT interval on ECGs.

Question 10

Drug type Aspirin

Answer 10

antiplatelet

Question 11

Indication for Aspirin

Answer 11

Clinical or ECG evidence suggestive of MI or ischaemia.
?TIA and the following:
* Symptoms fully resolved
* Pt not being conveyed
* Refed to TIA pathway.

Question 12

Actions of Aspirin

Answer 12

reduces clot formation.

Question 13

Drug type Atropine

Answer 13

anticholinergic

Question 14

Indication of Atropine

Answer 14

Bradycardia and any of these:
Absolute Bradycardia (<40)
Blood pressure below expected for age.
Paroxysmal ventricular arrythmias needing suppression.
Perfusion causing confusion
Bradycardia following ROSC

Question 15

Actions of Atropine

Answer 15

Reverses effects of vagal overdrive
Enhances A-V Conduction.
Increase HR by blocking vagal activity in Bradycardia, 2nd or 3rd heart block.

Question 16

Drug type Benzylpenicillin

Answer 16

Antibiotic – narrow spectrum.

Question 17

Indication of Benzylpenicillin

Answer 17

Meningococcal

Question 18

Drug type Chlorphenamine

Answer 18

antihistamine

Question 19

Indication for Chlorphenamine

Answer 19

Allergic reaction, falling short of anaphylaxis but causing pt distress severe itching.
After anaphylaxis and pt can’t take oral antihistamines.

Question 20

Actions of Chlorphenamine

Answer 20

blocks histamine released during allergic reaction.

Question 21

Drug type Dexamethasone

Answer 21

corticosteroid

Question 22

Indication for Dexamethasone

Answer 22

Croup

Question 23

Actions for Dexamethasone

Answer 23

Reduces subglottic inflammation.

Question 24

Drug type is Furosemide 20mg in 2ml

Answer 24

potent diuretic.

Question 25

Indication for Furosemide

Answer 25

Pulmonary oedema. Respiratory distress due to heart failure.

Question 26

Drug type Glucagon IM

Answer 26

hormone

Question 27

Indication of Glucagon IM

Answer 27

Hypoglycaemia. Only when no oral option or route.

Question 28

Actions of Glucagon IM

Answer 28

Turns glycogen to glucose in the liver, increasing blood sugars.

Question 29

Indication of Glucose 10%

Answer 29

Hypoglycaemia Pt does not respond to IM Glucagon after 10mins.

Question 30

Actions of Glucose 10%

Answer 30

Reversal of Hypoglycaemia by direct deliver of glucose to the systemic circulation.

Question 31

Indication of Glucose 40% oral gel

Answer 31

Hypoglycaemia

Question 32

Actions of Glucose 40% oral gel

Answer 32

Increase blood sugars via buccal absorption.

Question 33

Drug type is GTN

Answer 33

vasodilator

Question 34

Indication of GTN

Answer 34

Cardiac chest pain due to angina or MI, when BP >90 Heart failure with ischaemia or uncontrolled hypertension. Cocaine toxicity with chest pain.

Question 35

Actions of GTN

Answer 35

Dilates the coronary arteries Relief of coronary spasm. Dilates systemic veins resulting in lower preload. Reduced BP

Question 36

Drug type Hydrocortisone 100mg

Answer 36

Glucocorticoid

Question 37

Indication of Hydrocortisone 100mg

Answer 37

Severe or life-threatening asthma. Ex COPD Adrenal crisis (Addisonian crisis)

Question 38

Actions of Hydrocortisone 100mg

Answer 38

Restores BP, Blood sugars, cardiac synchronicity and volume. Therapeutic actions suppression of inflammation and immune response.

Question 39

Drug type Ibuprofen

Answer 39

analgesic

Question 40

Indication of Ibuprofen

Answer 40

Mild to mod pain. Pyrexia with discomfort. Soft tissue injuries.

Question 41

Actions of Ibuprofen

Answer 41

Antipyretic Anit-inflammatory.

Question 42

Drug type of Ipratropium bromide

Answer 42

antimuscarinic bronchodilator.

Question 43

Indication of Ipratropium

Answer 43

Acute or life-threatening asthma. Acute asthma not responding to salbutamol. Ex COPD not responding to salbutamol. Expiratory wheezing.

Question 44

Actions of Ipratropium

Answer 44

Inhibiting actions of acetylcholine on neuromuscular junctions of the lungs, creating bronchodilation

Question 45

Drug type Misoprostol

Answer 45

uterotonic

Question 46

Indication of Misoprostol

Answer 46

Primary or secondary PPH Miscarriage with excessive bleeding.

Question 47

Actions of Misoprostol

Answer 47

Simulates contraction of the uterus to control bleeding after birth. 7-10mins after oral administration, longer if rectal route.

Question 48

Drug type Morphine 10mg in 1ml

Answer 48

opioid agonist.

Question 49

Indication for Morphine 10mg in 1ml

Answer 49

Pain with MI. Severe pain Oral morphine for moderate pain. EoL care when own medication not available or ran out.

Question 50

Actions of Morphine 10mg in 1ml

Answer 50

Causes sedation, euphoria and analgesia, depress respiration and induce hypotension. Histamine is released and may cause vasodilatory.

Question 51

Drug type is Naloxone

Answer 51

opioid antagonist.

Question 52

Indication of Naloxone

Answer 52

Reversal of opioids for respiratory arrest or depression. Cardiac arrest where opioid overdose cause. Unconsciousness with respiratory depression where opioid overdose suspected.

Question 53

Actions of Naloxone

Answer 53

Competes with narcotics at opiate receptors in the CNS to revers opiate effects.

Question 54

Drug type is Ondansetron

Answer 54

anti-emetic

Question 55

Indication for Ondansetron

Answer 55

Prevention and treatment of opiate induce nausea and vomiting. treatment of nausea and vomiting.

Question 56

Actions of Ondansetron

Answer 56

Blocks 5HT receptors.

Question 57

Drug type is Entonox

Answer 57

gas

Question 58

Indication for Entonox

Answer 58

Mod to severe pain Labour pain

Question 59

Actions of Entonox

Answer 59

Fast acting CNS depressant causes vasodilation.

Question 60

Indication of Paracetamol

Answer 60

Mild to mod pain Discomfort with high temperature

Question 61

Drug type is Paracetamol

Answer 61

analgesic and antipyretic drug

Question 62

Drug type is Salbutamol

Answer 62

beta2 adrenoreceptor

Question 63

Indication of Salbutamol

Answer 63

Asthma attack when inhalers not worked. Ex wheezing Ex COPD.

Question 64

Actions of Salbutamol

Answer 64

Effects the smooth muscle of the medium and small airways. Relives the spasm in asthma attacks.

Question 65

Drug type is TXA 500mg in 5ml.

Answer 65

antifibrinolytic

Question 66

Indication for TXA 500mg in 5ml.

Answer 66

Severe haemorrhage

Question 67

Actions of TXA 500mg in 5ml.

Answer 67

Binds with receptor sites on plasmin. Prevents plasmin from binding and breaking down fibrin, this is preventing the breakdown of blood clots.