Medications Flashcards
Indication of Activated Charcoal 50g in 250ml
Oral drug overdose within 1 hr.
Indication of Adrenaline 1 in 1,000
Anaphylaxis
Life-threatening asthma, deterioration despite nebuliser therapy.
Actions of Adrenaline 1 in 1,000
Relives bronchospasm in acute severe asthma.
Reverses allergic manifestation of acute anaphylaxis.
What drug type is Adrenaline
Sympathomimetic
Indication of Adrenaline 1 in 10,000
Cardiac arrest
Post ROSC circulatory support.
Actions of Adrenaline 1 in 10,000
stimulates both alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors.
This makes myocardial and cerebral blood flow enhanced during CPR.
CPR becomes more effective due to increased peripheral resistance which improves perfusion pressures.
Drug type is Amiodarone
Antiarrhythmic
Indication of Amiodarone
Cardiac arrest in VF, neg pulse VT, if after 3rd shock give 300mg, then after 5th shock give 150mg.
4 Actions of Amiodarone
Blocks sodium and potassium channels in cardiac muscle.
Acts to stabilise and reduce electrical irritability of cardiac muscle.
Lengthens cardiac action potential
Prolongs QT interval on ECGs.
Drug type Aspirin
antiplatelet
Indication for Aspirin
Clinical or ECG evidence suggestive of MI or ischaemia.
?TIA and the following:
* Symptoms fully resolved
* Pt not being conveyed
* Refed to TIA pathway.
Actions of Aspirin
reduces clot formation.
Drug type Atropine
anticholinergic
Indication of Atropine
Bradycardia and any of these:
Absolute Bradycardia (<40)
Blood pressure below expected for age.
Paroxysmal ventricular arrythmias needing suppression.
Perfusion causing confusion
Bradycardia following ROSC
Actions of Atropine
Reverses effects of vagal overdrive
Enhances A-V Conduction.
Increase HR by blocking vagal activity in Bradycardia, 2nd or 3rd heart block.
Drug type Benzylpenicillin
Antibiotic – narrow spectrum.
Indication of Benzylpenicillin
Meningococcal
Drug type Chlorphenamine
antihistamine
Indication for Chlorphenamine
Allergic reaction, falling short of anaphylaxis but causing pt distress severe itching.
After anaphylaxis and pt can’t take oral antihistamines.
Actions of Chlorphenamine
blocks histamine released during allergic reaction.
Drug type Dexamethasone
corticosteroid
Indication for Dexamethasone
Croup
Actions for Dexamethasone
Reduces subglottic inflammation.
Drug type is Furosemide 20mg in 2ml
potent diuretic.
Indication for Furosemide
Pulmonary oedema.
Respiratory distress due to heart failure.
Drug type Glucagon IM
hormone
Indication of Glucagon IM
Hypoglycaemia.
Only when no oral option or route.
Actions of Glucagon IM
Turns glycogen to glucose in the liver, increasing blood sugars.
Indication of Glucose 10%
Hypoglycaemia
Pt does not respond to IM Glucagon after 10mins.
Actions of Glucose 10%
Reversal of Hypoglycaemia by direct deliver of glucose to the systemic circulation.
Indication of Glucose 40% oral gel
Hypoglycaemia
Actions of Glucose 40% oral gel
Increase blood sugars via buccal absorption.
Drug type is GTN
vasodilator
Indication of GTN
Cardiac chest pain due to angina or MI, when BP >90
Heart failure with ischaemia or uncontrolled hypertension.
Cocaine toxicity with chest pain.
Actions of GTN
Dilates the coronary arteries
Relief of coronary spasm.
Dilates systemic veins resulting in lower preload.
Reduced BP
Drug type Hydrocortisone 100mg
Glucocorticoid
Indication of Hydrocortisone 100mg
Severe or life-threatening asthma.
Ex COPD
Adrenal crisis (Addisonian crisis)
Actions of Hydrocortisone 100mg
Restores BP, Blood sugars, cardiac synchronicity and volume.
Therapeutic actions suppression of inflammation and immune response.
Drug type Ibuprofen
analgesic
Indication of Ibuprofen
Mild to mod pain.
Pyrexia with discomfort.
Soft tissue injuries.
Actions of Ibuprofen
Antipyretic
Anit-inflammatory.
Drug type of Ipratropium bromide
antimuscarinic bronchodilator.
Indication of Ipratropium
Acute or life-threatening asthma.
Acute asthma not responding to salbutamol.
Ex COPD not responding to salbutamol.
Expiratory wheezing.
Actions of Ipratropium
Inhibiting actions of acetylcholine on neuromuscular junctions of the lungs, creating bronchodilation
Drug type Misoprostol
uterotonic
Indication of Misoprostol
Primary or secondary PPH
Miscarriage with excessive bleeding.
Actions of Misoprostol
Simulates contraction of the uterus to control bleeding after birth.
7-10mins after oral administration, longer if rectal route.
Drug type Morphine 10mg in 1ml
opioid agonist.
Indication for Morphine 10mg in 1ml
Pain with MI.
Severe pain
Oral morphine for moderate pain.
EoL care when own medication not available or ran out.
Actions of Morphine 10mg in 1ml
Causes sedation, euphoria and analgesia, depress respiration and induce hypotension.
Histamine is released and may cause vasodilatory.
Drug type is Naloxone
opioid antagonist.
Indication of Naloxone
Reversal of opioids for respiratory arrest or depression.
Cardiac arrest where opioid overdose cause.
Unconsciousness with respiratory depression where opioid overdose suspected.
Actions of Naloxone
Competes with narcotics at opiate receptors in the CNS to revers opiate effects.
Drug type is Ondansetron
anti-emetic
Indication for Ondansetron
Prevention and treatment of opiate induce nausea and vomiting.
treatment of nausea and vomiting.
Actions of Ondansetron
Blocks 5HT receptors.
Drug type is Entonox
gas
Indication for Entonox
Mod to severe pain
Labour pain
Actions of Entonox
Fast acting CNS depressant causes vasodilation.
Indication of Paracetamol
Mild to mod pain
Discomfort with high temperature
Drug type is Paracetamol
analgesic and antipyretic drug
Drug type is Salbutamol
beta2 adrenoreceptor
Indication of Salbutamol
Asthma attack when inhalers not worked.
Ex wheezing
Ex COPD.
Actions of Salbutamol
Effects the smooth muscle of the medium and small airways.
Relives the spasm in asthma attacks.
Drug type is TXA 500mg in 5ml.
antifibrinolytic
Indication for TXA 500mg in 5ml.
Severe haemorrhage
Actions of TXA 500mg in 5ml.
Binds with receptor sites on plasmin.
Prevents plasmin from binding and breaking down fibrin, this is preventing the breakdown of blood clots.
