Hyper-Hypothyroidism Flashcards

1
Q

What is the location and shape of the thyroid gland?

A

The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped structure located below the laryngeal prominence (Adam’s apple) and wraps around the trachea.

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2
Q

How is the thyroid gland regulated?

A

It is regulated by the hypothalamus, which releases thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) to stimulate the pituitary gland to produce thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). TSH then prompts the thyroid to produce its hormones.

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3
Q

What are the two primary hormones produced by the thyroid?

A

The thyroid produces two primary hormones: Triiodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxine (T4).

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4
Q

What is the role of Triiodothyronine (T3)?

A

T3 is the active form that regulates metabolic processes.

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5
Q

What is the role of Thyroxine (T4)?

A

T4 is converted to T3 in the liver, brain, and kidneys, making up about 80% of thyroid hormone production.

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6
Q

What are the functions of thyroid hormones?

A

Thyroid hormones play crucial roles in weight management, energy levels, body temperature regulation, skin, hair, and nail growth, and overall metabolism.

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7
Q

What are the symptoms of hyperthyroidism?

A

Symptoms include increased heart rate (tachycardia), weight loss, heat intolerance, and goiter. Associated symptoms include nervousness, fatigue, and insomnia.

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8
Q

What are the common causes of hyperthyroidism?

A

Hyperthyroidism is commonly caused by Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder that leads to excessive hormone production.

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9
Q

What is thyroid storm?

A

Thyroid storm is a severe form of hyperthyroidism characterized by significantly increased metabolic rate, hyperthermia (>40°C), tachycardia, and potential cardiovascular collapse.

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10
Q

What are the common causes of hypothyroidism?

A

Hypothyroidism commonly results from autoimmune diseases like Hashimoto’s, thyroid surgery, radiation therapy, and certain medications.

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11
Q

What are the symptoms of hypothyroidism?

A

Symptoms include confusion, lethargy, weight gain, bradycardia, dry skin, hair loss, and cold intolerance.

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12
Q

What is myxedema coma?

A

Myxedema coma is a life-threatening condition stemming from severe hypothyroidism, presenting with cardiovascular collapse, hypoventilation, and metabolic imbalances.

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