Hyper-Hypothyroidism Flashcards
What is the location and shape of the thyroid gland?
The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped structure located below the laryngeal prominence (Adam’s apple) and wraps around the trachea.
How is the thyroid gland regulated?
It is regulated by the hypothalamus, which releases thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) to stimulate the pituitary gland to produce thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). TSH then prompts the thyroid to produce its hormones.
What are the two primary hormones produced by the thyroid?
The thyroid produces two primary hormones: Triiodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxine (T4).
What is the role of Triiodothyronine (T3)?
T3 is the active form that regulates metabolic processes.
What is the role of Thyroxine (T4)?
T4 is converted to T3 in the liver, brain, and kidneys, making up about 80% of thyroid hormone production.
What are the functions of thyroid hormones?
Thyroid hormones play crucial roles in weight management, energy levels, body temperature regulation, skin, hair, and nail growth, and overall metabolism.
What are the symptoms of hyperthyroidism?
Symptoms include increased heart rate (tachycardia), weight loss, heat intolerance, and goiter. Associated symptoms include nervousness, fatigue, and insomnia.
What are the common causes of hyperthyroidism?
Hyperthyroidism is commonly caused by Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder that leads to excessive hormone production.
What is thyroid storm?
Thyroid storm is a severe form of hyperthyroidism characterized by significantly increased metabolic rate, hyperthermia (>40°C), tachycardia, and potential cardiovascular collapse.
What are the common causes of hypothyroidism?
Hypothyroidism commonly results from autoimmune diseases like Hashimoto’s, thyroid surgery, radiation therapy, and certain medications.
What are the symptoms of hypothyroidism?
Symptoms include confusion, lethargy, weight gain, bradycardia, dry skin, hair loss, and cold intolerance.
What is myxedema coma?
Myxedema coma is a life-threatening condition stemming from severe hypothyroidism, presenting with cardiovascular collapse, hypoventilation, and metabolic imbalances.