Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Flashcards
What is Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)?
CKD occurs when the kidneys are damaged and cannot filter blood properly, leading to waste and fluid buildup.
What are the causes of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)?
Causes include diabetes, high blood pressure, and infections or injuries.
What are the symptoms of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)?
Symptoms include fatigue, swelling in ankles, feet, or face, and changes in urination (either less or more often).
What are the stages of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)?
Stage 1: Mild kidney damage with normal function. Stage 5: Severe damage (kidney failure, dialysis often needed).
What tests are used to diagnose Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)?
Tests include a blood test (checks waste in the blood) and a urine test (checks for protein or blood).
What are Renal Calculi (Kidney Stones)?
Hard mineral deposits that form in the kidneys, potentially blocking urine flow and causing pain (referred to as ‘Renal Colic’).
What are the causes of Renal Calculi (Kidney Stones)?
Causes include dehydration, high salt or protein diet, and family history of stones.
What are the symptoms of Renal Calculi (Kidney Stones)?
Symptoms include severe pain in the back or side, nausea or vomiting, and blood in urine.
How are Renal Calculi (Kidney Stones) managed?
Management includes pain relief, keeping the patient hydrated unless advised otherwise, and avoiding certain medications like Calcium Chloride.
What is a Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)?
An infection in any part of the urinary system (kidneys, bladder, or urethra), most commonly in the bladder.
What are the causes of Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)?
Causes include bacteria entering the urinary tract, poor hygiene or catheter use, and dehydration.
What are the symptoms of Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)?
Symptoms include burning sensation when urinating, frequent need to urinate, cloudy or strong-smelling urine, and lower abdominal pain.
What are the types of Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)?
Types include Lower UTI (Cystitis), which is common and less serious, and Upper UTI (Pyelonephritis), which is more severe and can cause fever or back pain.
What are the key takeaways regarding CKD, Kidney Stones, and UTIs?
CKD involves long-term kidney damage; manage fluids and watch for symptoms. Kidney Stones are painful but treatable; pain relief is key. UTIs are common and usually easy to treat; severe cases need quick action.
