febrile convulsions Flashcards
What are febrile convulsions?
Febrile convulsions are seizures triggered by fever, predominantly occurring in children aged 6 months to 5 years. A family history of febrile convulsions can increase susceptibility to these events.
What are the primary causes of febrile convulsions?
The primary causes include viral infections, vaccinations, and genetic factors.
Which viral infections are associated with febrile convulsions?
Human Herpes Virus (HHV) and H1N1 (Influenza Virus) are associated with febrile convulsions.
HHV is commonly seen in chickenpox and shingles. Symptoms of H1N1 can be difficult to distinguish from common cold viruses.
What vaccinations can lead to febrile convulsions?
Certain vaccines such as MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) and DTAP (diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis) can lead to febrile convulsions.
What is the pathophysiology behind febrile convulsions?
The immune response involves macrophages and T-cells activating cytokines, which hypersensitize NMDA receptors in the brain, leading to increased neuronal activity and potential seizures.
How do cytokines affect thermoregulation in febrile convulsions?
Cytokines affect the hypothalamus, resetting the body’s temperature set point and causing fever, which can lead to heightened oxygen consumption and respiratory changes, resulting in respiratory alkalosis and seizures.
What are the types of seizures associated with febrile convulsions?
Types include generalized symptoms (symmetrical tonic-clonic seizures lasting less than 15 minutes) and focal type seizures (unilateral seizures lasting more than 15 minutes).
What is the first-line treatment for complex febrile convulsions?
Midazolam is recommended for complex febrile convulsions lasting longer than 15 minutes.
What supportive care should be provided for febrile convulsions?
Supportive care includes administering oxygen and anti-pyretics, as well as cooling measures like tepid water sponging or using fans.
