Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) Flashcards
What is Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)?
AKI is a condition where the kidneys suddenly stop functioning properly. It is not a disease but a rapid development of kidney impairment, which can range from mild to severe. Early detection is crucial for effective treatment.
What are the key functions of the kidneys?
The kidneys perform several vital functions: Excretion of Waste Products, Regulation of Blood Pressure, Maintenance of Electrolyte Balance, Regulation of Acid-Base Balance, Production of Hormones, Regulation of Fluid Balance, Detoxification, Reabsorption of Nutrients, Osmoregulation.
Why is AKI important for paramedics?
AKI can develop rapidly and may become life-threatening. Early recognition by paramedics significantly impacts patient outcomes. While AKI can be reversible, delayed treatment may result in permanent kidney damage.
What are the types of AKI?
AKI is classified based on its cause: Pre-Renal AKI (issues with blood flow to the kidneys), Intra-Renal AKI (direct damage to the kidneys), Post-Renal AKI (blockage in the urinary system preventing urine drainage).
What are the causes of Pre-Renal AKI?
Reduced blood flow due to dehydration, severe blood loss, or low blood pressure.
What are the causes of Intra-Renal AKI?
Damage from toxins, medications, severe infections, autoimmune diseases, or untreated pre-renal AKI.
What are the causes of Post-Renal AKI?
Blockages such as kidney stones, enlarged prostate, or tumors affecting urine drainage.
What are the symptoms of AKI?
Reduced or no urine output, swelling in legs, ankles, or face, fatigue or confusion, nausea or vomiting, rapid heart rate or low blood pressure, pain in the lower back (post-renal).
What are the risk factors for AKI?
Older age (60+), pre-existing kidney disease, diabetes or high blood pressure, recent infection or surgery, certain medications (e.g., diuretics, NSAIDs).
What can paramedics do for AKI?
Assess and Monitor: Look for signs like reduced urine output and dehydration; check vital signs. Provide Supportive Care: Administer fluids if dehydrated, avoid nephrotoxic medications, and ensure hospital transfer for further treatment.
Give an example scenario of AKI.
A 75-year-old female presents with confusion and extreme fatigue after two days of diarrhea and no urine output. Vital signs show low blood pressure and high heart rate. This scenario suggests a potential case of Pre-Renal AKI due to dehydration. Immediate actions include fluid resuscitation and hospital transport for further evaluation.
