Asthma Flow Chart Flashcards
What happens when an antigen reacts with immunoglobulin in mast cells?
It causes the release of histamine, kinins, prostaglandins, and other chemical mediators.
What effects do the released chemical mediators have?
They cause oedema, inflammation, and increased mucus production.
What can excessive coughing lead to?
Overstimulation of the vagus nerve, causing reflex broncho-constriction and broncho-spasm.
What is the consequence of bronchoconstriction and bronchospasm?
Air becomes trapped, leading to forced expiration and potential bronchial collapse.
What happens to residual volume during bronchial collapse?
Residual volume increases, making it difficult to cough and expel mucus.
What complications can arise from mucus plugging in the airways?
It can lead to atelectasis and induced hypoxia as air cannot diffuse through affected areas.
What occurs as respiratory muscle activity increases?
The demand for oxygen increases, leading to metabolic and respiratory acidosis.
What effect does hypoxaemia have on pulmonary vessels?
It causes vasoconstriction, compounding the problem and increasing the workload of the right side of the heart.
What role do eosinophils play in the inflammatory response?
They release additional chemical mediators such as leukotrienes, causing prolonged inflammation and bronchoconstriction.
What are chemotactic factors and cytokines?
Chemotactic factors are small molecules that act as chemical stimuli along a concentration gradient, while cytokines are important in cell signaling.
What is the final outcome of the processes described?
More obstruction and increased hypoxia.
