topic.7.the.senses.powerpoint.7.3.-taste.smell

Question 1

___responds to the presence of specific molecules in the environment

Answer 1

chemoreceptors

Question 2

chemoreceptors in vertebrates can form parts of receptor organs for __ and __

Answer 2

taste(gustation), smell(olfaction)

Question 3

papillae

Answer 3

specialized regions on the tongue

Question 4

what is the acronym to remember the different types of papillae?

Answer 4

Freaky Vampires Feast Frequently
Filiform.
Vallate
Fungiform
Foliate

Question 5

Filiform.

Answer 5

Filament-shaped; provide a rough surface for food manipulation

Question 6

Vallate

Answer 6

Largest, least numerous. 8-12 in V along border between anterior
and posterior parts of the tongue. Have taste buds

Question 7

Fungiform.

Answer 7

Mushroom-shaped. Scattered irregularly over the superior surface of tongue. Look like small red dots interspersed among the filiform.Have taste buds

Question 8

Foliate.

Answer 8

Leaf-shaped. In folds on the sides of the tongue. Contain most
sensitive taste buds. Decrease in number with age.

Question 9

Taste bud:

Answer 9

contain sensory receptor cells specific for each of the five taste types:
sweet, salty, bitter, sour,unami

Question 10

How do taste buds detect taste?

Answer 10

Taste cells have microvilli (gustatory hairs)
extending into taste pores

Question 11

What do we call food particles that have been in our mouth

Answer 11

“tastants”, which are dissolved in
saliva, enter the taste pores
*tastants cause the taste cells to depolarize

Question 12

Sour.

Answer 12

Most sensitive receptors on lateral aspects of the tongue. H+ ion of acids cause depolarization

Question 13

Salty.

Answer 13

Most sensitive receptors on tip of tongue. Shares lowest sensitivity with sweet. Anything with Na+ causes depolarization

Question 14

Bitter.

Answer 14

Most sensitive receptors on posterior aspect. Highest sensitivity. Sensation produced by alkaloids, which are toxic

Question 15

Sweet.

Answer 15

Most sensitive receptors on tip of tongue. Shares lowest sensitivity with salty. Sugars, some carbohydrates, and some proteins

Question 16

Umami :

Answer 16

“Savory” ; Scattered sensitivity. Caused by amino acids such as glutamate, binding to receptors

Question 17

What 3 things influence taste?

Answer 17

Texture affects the perception of taste
Temperature affects taste perception
taste influenced by olfaction

Question 18

What 3 things can influence the perception of taste?

Answer 18

texture, temperature, olfaction

Question 19

which taste bud is the most sensitive?

Answer 19

bitter

Question 20

What are the 3 major parts of olfaction?

Answer 20

-olfactory tract
-olfactory bulb
-olfactory receptive

Question 21

olfactory tract

Answer 21

The olfactory tract connects the olfactory bulb to the remainder of the cerebral cortex, including amygladla

Question 22

olfactory bulb

Answer 22

Olfactory sensory neurons extend their axons solely to the olfactory bulb, which is dedicated to odor information processing

Question 23

olfactory receptive neurons

Answer 23

bipolar neurons that are activated when airborne molecules in inspired air bind to olfactory receptors (ORs) expressed on their cilia.

Question 24

odorant receptors are found where?

Answer 24

cilia of olfactory receptor cells (neurons)

Question 25

Explain the steps in olfaction

Answer 25

1. Cilia (olfactory hairs) of olfactory neuron are embedded in mucus. Odorants
   dissolve in mucus.
   2.odorant molecules bind to odorant receptors
2. axons of olfactory cell with same receptor, form synapses with mitral cells in glomeruli
3. multiple axons synapse with a mitral cell
   5.Mitral cell axons comprise the olfactory tract and transmit action potentials

Question 26

t/F one olfactory cell responds to one odorant

Answer 26

false: can respond to a set of different odorants
However each olfactory cell receptor expresses one olfactory cell

Question 27

glomeruli are found where?

Answer 27

located on the olfactory bulb

Question 28

olfactory vesicles

Answer 28

dendrites of olfactory neurons have enlarged ends

Question 29

cilia are also called

Answer 29

(olfactory hairs)

Question 30

Cilia (olfactory hairs) of olfactory neuron are embedded

Answer 30

mucus

Question 31

t/F One receptor may respond to more than one type of odor

Answer 31

true

Question 32

olfactory bulb can also connect to what system?

Answer 32

Olfactory bulbs also connect to limbic system-signals can elicit
emotional/visceral response

Question 33

only major sense that does not go through thalamus

Answer 33

Olfaction: Information goes to olfactory cortex of the frontal lobe without going
through thalamus

Question 34

Three regions in frontal lobe affect

Answer 34

conscious perception of smell and
interact with limbic system

Question 35

What are the three regions in frontal lobe?

Answer 35

-Lateral olfactory area
– Medial olfactory area:
– Intermediate olfactory area:

Question 36

Lateral olfactory area:

Answer 36

conscious perception of smell
-regions in frontal lobe

Question 37

Medial olfactory area:

Answer 37

visceral and emotional reactions to odors
-regions in frontal lobe

Question 38

Intermediate olfactory area:

Answer 38

effect modification of incoming information.
-regions in frontal lobe

Question 39

thermoreceptors

Answer 39

consist of free nerve endings

Question 40

Nociceptors

Answer 40

Detect stimuli that can damage body tissues;resulting in the sensation of pain

Question 41

Two axons that transmit pain

Answer 41

Glutamate releasing: sharp, localized pain
Substance P: dull, aching, not well localized