topic 11 powerpoint 11.2

Question 1

Kidney function controls

Answer 1

-osmolarity
-total fluid volume
-ph

Question 2

Water absorption in the kidney is regulated by what hormone?

Answer 2

ADH- antidiuretic hormone
1)osmoreceptors in hypothalamus detect an increase in osmolarity
2) The pituitary gland releases angiotensin(peptide hormone) which stimulates ADH secretion
3) ADH makes distal convoluted tube more permeable to water, less urinary output but reabsorbed and retained
Result: increase water absorption and stimulate thirst

Question 3

ADH involves what type of feed back mechanism

Answer 3

negative- output which is ADH opposes input

Question 4

Parasympathetic activation vs sympathetic activation in relation to heart

Answer 4

Parasympathetic activation- decreased contractility of heart results in decrease CO/Bp/HR
Sympathetic: increased contractility of the heart results in increased CO/Bp/HR

Question 5

What detects increase/decreased contractility of the heart?

Answer 5

Baroreceptors in aorta and carotids detect “stretch”, send signals to medulla oblongata (brainstem).

Question 6

If you want to decrease blood pressure, what would you do the parasympathetic and sympathetic system?

Answer 6

activation of the parasympathetic nervous system and inhibition of the sympathetic nervous system

Question 7

T/F Kidney is involved with blood pressure

Answer 7

true
-Juxtaglomerular cells aka intra-renal baroreceptors in the kidney release renin which increases bp
-Atria releases ANP(atrial natriuretic factor), a protein hormone that inhibits rene, lowering bp

Question 8

Explain the mechanism that ANP lowers bp

Answer 8

1)natriuresis, process of excretion of
sodium in the urine via the action of the kidneys. ANP increases renal dilation, increase blood flow and glomerular filtration rate, more filtrate is processed.
2)Na+ cleaves, water follows it
Loss of fluid volume, decreases bp

Question 9

What is released in response to high stretch?

Answer 9

ANP, because stretch indicates high blood volume

Question 10

Explain autoregulation in the kidney

Answer 10

Juxtaglomerular apparatus: located in the region where distal convoluted tubule contacts the afferent arteriole. Signals from juxtaglomerular apparatus constrict or dilate afferent arterioles to keep filtration rate constant during variations in bp

Question 11

Hyponatremia

Answer 11

low levels of sodium in the blood.
result: reduces osmolarity, less water absorbed by kidneys, bp drops

Question 12

eating salty foods can

Answer 12

increase bp

Question 13

Overview: Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone
System (RAAS)

Answer 13

RAAS aims to raise bp
1)renin triggers angiotensin I to II
-stimulates arteriole constriction
-stimulate ADH(water reabsorption)
-stimulate aldosterone increases Na+ aborption and thus H20

Question 14

JGA

Answer 14

Juxtaglomerular apparatus
the site of blood pressure regulation via the renin- angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the kidney

Question 15

Where can we find the JGA and its formed by what conjunction of cells?

Answer 15

-located on side of glomerulus
-formed by macula densa (distal tubule), juxtaglomerular (JG) cells of the
afferent arteriole, and others extraglomerular mesangial cells

Question 16

macula densa (distal tubule)

Answer 16

Low Na+, macula densa cells signal JG cells to make renin

Question 17

Juxtaglomerular cells (JG)

Answer 17

specialized smooth muscle
cells in the wall of the afferent arteriole which synthesize
and secrete renin

Question 18

RAAS
low blood volume or low Na+

Answer 18

kidneys secrete renin

Question 19

renin stimulates the production

Answer 19

antiogensisn 1

Question 20

AngiotensinI  Angiotensin II causes

Answer 20

 blood vessels to constrict
increased blood pressure

Question 21

Angiotensin II stimulates the secretion of

Answer 21

aldosterone from the adrenal
cortex.

Question 22

Aldosterone

Answer 22

increase the reabsorption of sodium and water in kidney
*increases the volume of fluid in the body

Question 23

blood pressure is low, what is produced

Answer 23

Recall that renin, angiotensin, aldosterone, are all produced

Question 24

ANP is inhibits

Answer 24

reabsorption of Na+ directly (on the nephron).
It inhibits the release of aldosterone