13.2 Flashcards
Where are the adrenal glands located?
Where are the adrenal medulla and adrenal cortex found?
on top of the kidneys.
Adrenal medulla- inner adrenal gland
adrenal cortex- outer adrenal gland
What does adrenal medulla secrete compared to adrenal cortex?
adrenal medulla: epinephrine and norepinephrine
adrenal cortex: cortisol[glucocorticoid] and aldosterone[mineralcorticoid]
What are Catecholamines?
-derived from tyrosine: epinephrine and norepinephrine
-made by the adrenal medulla
-secreted in response to the synpathetic system
Explain the receptors that epinephrine binds to
Explain overall function
-epinephrine can bind to α receptors on the smooth muscle of blood vessels, can contract vessels and reduce blood glow to peripheral regions like skin
-epinephrine can bind to β1 on heart cells, can contract and increase blood flow
-epinephrine can bind to β2 on liver cells and can stimulate glycogen to glucose
Function: increase energy
Besides those receptors of epinephrine what other function does it have?
-reduce blood flow to kidneys and reduce water loss
-Inhibits smooth muscle contraction in intestine and slows digestive system
Norepinephrine can bind to what receptors in the heart muscle?
In the heart muscle, the receptors for norepinephrine are β andrenergic receptors.
What are the hormones of the adrenal cortex?
-glucocorticoids
-mineralocorticoids
-androgens
-cortisol
Explain the function of glucocorticoids
-type of hormones of the adrenal cortex
-maintain normal blood glucose levels
-stimulated glucose synthesis from fats + proteins
-inhibition of glucose intake
-breakdown of fats + protein as energy source instead of glucose
Explain function of mineralocorticoids
–type of hormones of the adrenal cortex
-regulate Na+ and extracellular fluid volume
ex: aldosterone
Example: Aldosterone
What is the function of aldosterone?
-increase Na+ absorption and release K into the kidney
-part of renin-angiotensin system
-result: increase in blood volume and bp
What is the renin-angiotensin system
Renin: enzyme that converts a protein to angiotensin
Angiotensin: peptide hormone that raises blood pressure by constricting blood vessels and stimulating the release of aldosterone.
Renin-angiotensin system
If there is low blood volume, what does the kidney secrete?
renin becomes-> angiotensin I -> angiotensin II-> aldosterone secreted from adrenal cortex
Result: increased water absorption, increase volume of fluid
Angiotensin II ->blood vessels to constrict ->increased blood pressure
What are androgens?
–type of hormones of the adrenal cortex
-control male characteristics
What is cortisol
-type of hormone of the adrenal cortex
-type of glucocorticoid, increase bp
ACTH
ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex (the outer part of the adrenal glands) to produce and release glucocorticoids, such as cortisol.
