topic.7.the.senses.powerpoint.7.0.sensory-receptors.balance

Question 1

What are special senses?

Answer 1

receptors placed in unique organs
olfaction/smell/nose
gustation/tase/tongue

Question 2

Sensory receptors are formed by..
Function:

Answer 2

terminals of afferent neurons or specialized cells that bind with afferent neurons
function: gather info about the internal and external environment

Question 3

How do sensory receptors respond to stimuli?

Answer 3

signal transduction: conversion of a stimulus to an membrane potential
How: changing their conductance(ions)

Question 4

When a cell synapses with an afferent neuron, what type of receptors have this mechanism?

Answer 4

Mechanoreceptors, Photoreceptors, Chemoreceptors

Question 5

what is the acronym to remember the 5 receptors

Answer 5

Many people can’t trust naps
Mechanoreceptors, Photoreceptors, Chemoreceptors, Thermoreceptors, Nociceptors

Question 6

Mechanoreceptors

Answer 6

detect mechanical energy
changes in body position,
pressure, acceleration

Question 7

Photoreceptors

Answer 7

detect light and are located in the eye

Question 8

Chemoreceptors

Answer 8

detect specific molecules or conditions
such as acidity (e.g., taste buds)

Question 9

thermoreceptors

Answer 9

temperature

Question 10

Nociceptors-

Answer 10

detect tissue damage or noxious chemicals.
Their activity leads to pain

Question 11

mechanoreceptors detect

Answer 11

-Meissner corpuscle
-Merkel receptor
-Pacinian corpuscle
-Ruffini corpuscle

Question 12

What mechanoreceptors detects a drink about to slip out of my hand?

Answer 12

-Meissner corpuscle; detects low frequency vibrations

Question 13

What mechanoreceptors allows me to differentiate blind folded between a broccoli and carrot?

Answer 13

Merkel receptor
detect fine details like point/edges/texture/curvature

Question 14

What mechanoreceptors allows me to use tools or use a knife to cut fruit?

Answer 14

Pacinian corpuscle
high frequency vibrations

Question 15

What mechanoreceptors allow me feel the flex in my hand when i extend them?

Answer 15

Ruffini corpuscle
detect hand shape and finger control

Question 16

Proprioception

Answer 16

the sense of the relative position of
neighboring parts of the body.
**monitor/maintain body and limb positions

Question 17

proprioception is composed of

Answer 17

1.sensory neurons in the inner ear that detect motion and orientation
2.mechanoreceptors/stretch receptors

Question 18

stretch receptor are a type of …

Answer 18

mechanoreceptor and proprioceptor

Question 19

What type of receptor are proprioceptors?

Answer 19

mechanoreceptor

Question 20

Stretch receptors are found in

Answer 20

muscles and tendons

Question 21

Golgi tendon organ (GTO):

Answer 21

example of a stretch receptor found in tendon;
detects position and movement
the limbs by detecting how much and how fast a muscle is stretched

Question 22

balance involves

Answer 22

vestibular system of the inner ear

Question 23

difference between proprioceptors and mechanoreceptors

Answer 23

proprioceptors: limbs of the body
mechanoreceptors: balance

Question 24

vestibular apparatus made up of what parts?

Answer 24

3 semicircular canals: horizontal/posterior/superior
2 fluid-filled chambers: utricle and saccule

Question 25

What is the function of the vestibular apparatus?

Answer 25

***Perceives the position and
the motion of the head using
mechanoreceptors

Question 26

semicircular canal

Answer 26

detects rotational motions
filled with endolymph(high k+)

Question 27

between membrane and bond of semicircular canal we can find what?

Answer 27

Perilymph (rich in Na+)

Question 28

Ampulla is located where?

Answer 28

Ampulla (region at the base of a semicular canal with sensory hair cells

Question 29

What is the function of the ampulla?

Answer 29

detects rotational movement of the head/body

Question 30

cupula

Answer 30

gelatinous membrane sits on top of sensory hairs/afferent cells

Question 31

How does the ampulla perform its function

Answer 31

1. movement of head or body
2. causes movement of endolymph that displaces the cupula and bends sensory cells
   3.mechanoreceptors generates action potentials in afferent neurons that synapse with the hair cells

Question 32

depending on direction, in ampulla how do mechanoreceptors generate action potentials?

Answer 32

receptor cell depolarizes and increases
the action potential frequency in the afferent neuron activated by it.

Question 33

Utricle and saccule are what, and what are their function

Answer 33

fluid-filled chambers 30 degrees to each other
Provide info about:
1) head position (up/down)
2) changes in the rate of
linear motion of the body

Question 34

How are utricle and saccule membrane different from that of the cupula?

Answer 34

Utricle/saccule membrane contains otoliths; calcium carbonate crystals

Question 35

How does the utricle and saccule perform its function?

Answer 35

1.head tilt/nonlinear body movement
2.otolithic membrane moves
3.bend hair cells
4. neurotransmitter release
5.action potential
6.brain perceives movement

Question 36

t/f upright position, otolithic membrane does move.

Answer 36

false, it does not move.
As the position of the head
changes (bend over) gravity causes the otolithic membrane to move.

Question 37

stereocilia

Answer 37

found on sensory hair cells

Question 38

Vestibulocochlear nerve

Answer 38

8th cranial nerve

Question 39

utricle/saccule picks up what two things

Answer 39

linear acceleration and gravity

Question 40

semicircular canals picks up what thing

Answer 40

angular motion

Question 41

What part of the vestibular system is
utilized when you nod your head to say
“Yes”?

Answer 41

otolith organs
utricle/saccule

Question 42

What part of the vestibular system is
utilized when you rotate your head to say
“No”?

Answer 42

semicircular canals