TOPIC 1 Reproduction.powerpoint.1.gametes

Question 1

__ is a fundamental feature of all life

Answer 1

Reproduction

Question 2

How is sexual reproduction different from reproduction?

Answer 2

Reproduction is a biological process is which offspring are produced by their parents. Sexual reproduction gives one of many mechanisms, which involves gametes of the opposite sex.

Question 3

During meiosis, a ___ becomes a ____ cell

Answer 3

diploid; haploid

Question 4

Gametogenesis is the process of ____

Answer 4

differentiation of primordial germ cells into gametes

Question 5

What are primordial germ cells?

Answer 5

Primordial germ cells are early embryonic cells that have the developmental potential to turn into gametes

Question 6

Another name for egg development is ___

Answer 6

oogenesis

Question 7

Another name for sperm development is __

Answer 7

spermatogensis

Question 8

List characteristics of egg cells

Answer 8

1.large/nonmobile
2.yolk energy supply
3. raw materials like protein/RNA/ribosomes/mitochondria
4.egg coat
5. totipotent
6.cortical granules: special golgi structures that protect against polyspermy

Question 9

Totipotent-

Answer 9

developmental potential to turn any cell type of an organism

Question 10

What are the measurements of sperm?

Answer 10

head 5x3 um and 41 um long

Question 11

What are the characteristics of sperm?

Answer 11

1.contribute half genome
2.small
3.mobile/flagella
4.few organelles/ mitochondria/centrioles
5. acrosomal vesicle:specialized golgi
structure used by sperm to bind to and
penetrate the egg coat

Question 12

Influence of early cell development is called__

Answer 12

genomic event

Question 13

Given an example of a genomic event in c.elegans

Answer 13

P.GRANULE LOCALIZATION
P.granules are complexes of RNA and proteins, before cleavage moves to end of zygote, that end will be fated to become a germ cell found in gonads

Question 14

What are gonads?

Answer 14

ovary and testis, find gametes

Question 15

Explain a genomic event in mouse

Answer 15

Specification of primordial germ cells in the
laboratory mouse is initiated by high levels of Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) signaling, which activates
expression of the transcription factors

Question 16

What are PGC?

Answer 16

precursor germ cells (or gonocytes): are primordial
germ cells that still have to reach the gonads.

Question 17

Gonocytes will ____ on their way to the gonads and eventually will go through ____ or ____ resulting in mature sperm or eggs

Answer 17

divide repeatedly, spermatogenesis, oogenesis

Question 18

In order for a primordial germ cell to enter the gonads, it must be

Answer 18

specified

Question 19

What two structures are initially present in the undifferentiated gonad?

Answer 19

wolffian/Mullerian duct

Question 20

What are the part of Wolffian duct?

Answer 20

male internal genitalia
(epididymis, vas deferens, seminal
vesicles

Question 21

What are the part of Mullerian duct?

Answer 21

Mullerian-> female internal genitalia
(uterus, oviducts, cervix)

Question 22

Does male/female commit to becoming a germ cell sooner?

Answer 22

male

Question 23

SOX9 and FGF9

Answer 23

tfs activated by SRY in males

Question 24

RSPO9 and WNT4

Answer 24

tfs activated in females