Topic 9 Gastrointestinal system_6 Gallbladder/Lg intestine

Question 1

A pear-shaped organ sitting in the posterior surface of the liver
Stores and concentrates bile
Released into the sm intestine via the common bile duct

Answer 1

Gallbladder

Question 2

Substance
> a yellow/brown/ olive liquid
> made of hepatocytes
> collects into larger and larger vessels
Function > emulsification (breakdown) of fats

Answer 2

Bile

Question 3

Food enters here from the sm intestine (ileum) though the ileocecal valve/ sphincter

Answer 3

Large intestine

Question 4

what are the 4 regions of the lg intestine?

Answer 4

Cecum
colon
rectum
anal canal

Question 5

Its Functions are completion of absorption (mostly water), vitamin K production, formation and elimination of feces

Answer 5

Large intestine

*vitamin K - blood clot process

Question 6

Large intestine contd
> sm pouch attached to the ileocecal valver
> the appendix attaches there
> contents from it move into the colon

Answer 6

Cecum

Question 7

Part of the large intestine that is divided into 4 portions

*regular peristalsis occurs but more slowly

Answer 7

Colon

Question 8

4 portions of the colon

Answer 8

> ascending (to the hepatic flexure (bend)
transverse (to the splenic flexure)
descending (to the left iliac crest)
sigmoid (to the rectum at S3)

Question 9

Colon process…
> as food accumulates in the ascending colon
> haustra (pouches along colon) fill up/distend
> stimulates smooth muscle contraction
> & food moves into the next haustra

Answer 9

x

Question 10

Travels inferiorly to the canal

Answer 10

Rectum

Question 11

Terminal (last ) portion of the anal canal

• elimination control:
  > internal (involuntary control)
  > external (voluntary control) anal sphincter

Answer 11

Anal canal

Question 12

Term

Distension of the rectum ultimately gives the urge to go and relaxes the internal anal sphincter

Answer 12

The defecation reflex

Question 13

There are 2 division of teh GI tract name them

Answer 13

> Upper GI - mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, duodenum (sm intestine)
Lower GI - most of the intestines and the anus

Question 14

What are the 3 overlapping phases of the control process of digestion

Answer 14

Cephalic
Gastric
Intestinal

Question 15

Overlapping digestion phases…
The thought, smell, sight, initial taste of food activates the NS
Salivary and gastric glands are stimulated to prepare the mouth and stomach for digestion

Answer 15

Cephalic phase

Question 16

Overlapping process of digestion… phase type?
Once food reaches the stomach > changes happen
> stretch receptors are stimulated by the change in the stomach shape
> chemo receptors are stimulated by the change in stomach pH

Cause these changes
> food in stomach changes the homeostasis of the stomach
> increase peristalsis and gastric juice production
> stimulate gastrin release

> small amounts of chyme pass through the pyloric sphincter into the duodenum
food leaving the stomach decreases the volume and removes some of the stimulus from stretch receptors
food leaving the stomach allows the stomach to become more acidic
decrease stretch receptor stimulation and normalizing pH removes some of the stimulus for gastrin release

Answer 16

Gastric phase

Question 17

Overlapping process of digestion… phase type?
> chyme in the duodenum causes enteroendocrine cells to release hormones:
> cholecystokinin (CCK)
> secretin

Answer 17

Intestinal phase

Question 18

The hormones of cholecystokinin (CCK) and secretin released during the intestinal phase of digestion cause what type of changes? (4)

Answer 18

> stimulates the gallbladder to release bile into the duodenum (CCK)
decrease gastric juice production (CCK/secretin)
slow food coming through the pyloric valve (CCK/secretin)
increase pancreatic juice secretion (CCK/secretin)