Topic 9 Endocrine System_ 2 pituitary

Question 1

A small gland that sits in the sella turcica (turkish saddle) of the sphenoid bone (wing bone)

Answer 1

Pituitary

aka hypophysis

Question 2

Pituitary has 2 lobes name them

Answer 2

1) Anterior lobe (aka adeno hypophysis) - endocrine syst.

2) Posterior lobe (aka neuro hypophysis) - Nervous system

Question 3

Lobe of the pituitary where the release or inhibitions of its hormones are controlled hormonally by the hypothalamus

Answer 3

Anterior pituitary

Question 4

List of hormones releases via the anterior pituitary lobe (6)

Answer 4

1) hGH - human growth hormone
2) TSH - thyroid stimulating hormone
3) ACTH - Adrenocorticotropic hormone
4) LH - Luteinizing hormone
5) FSH - Follicle stimulating hormone
6) PRL - Prolactin

Question 5

Type of hormone…
> stimulates tissue growth
> promotes healing and tissue repair
> increases the use of lipids for energy
> decreases cellular uptake/ elevates blood glucose levels
> it is released in burst every few hours

Answer 5

hGH - human growth hormone

Question 6

Factors that will promote the release of hGH - human growth hormone? (4)

Answer 6

> hypoglycemia (low sugar in blood)
deep sleep (non REM)
increased SyNS - vigorous exercise
other hormones (glucagon, cortisol, insulin, estrogens)

Question 7

Factors that will inhibit the release of hGH - human growth hormone? (4)

Answer 7

> hyperglycemia
REM sleep
obesity
low levels of thyroid hormones (slow metabolism)
high levels of hGH in the blood - negative feedback loop

Question 8

Type of hormone…
> it stimulates the release of these hormones by the thyroid gland
> its release is dependent on the level of thyroid hormones in the blood

Answer 8

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (STH)

*Metabolism

Question 9

Type of hormone…
> stimulates the release of cortisol from the adrenal glands
> release increases with stress-related stimuli (eg. injury, hypoglycemia) and macrophage activity

Answer 9

ACTH - Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Question 10

Type of hormone…
In females - triggers ovulation
in males - stimulates testes to release testosterone

Answer 10

LH - Luteinizing hormone

Question 11

Type of hormone…
in females - triggers ovarian follicle development
in males - triggers sperm production in the testes

Answer 11

FSH - Follicle stimulating hormone

Question 12

Type of hormone…

ONLY FUNCTION - initiates and maintains milk production in the mammary glands

Answer 12

PRL - Prolactin

Question 13

Part of pituitary

Release or inhibition of its hormones is controlled neurologically by the hypothalamus

Answer 13

Posterior pituitary

Question 14

Posterior pituitary releases 2 types of hormones?

Answer 14

> oxytocin

> AntiDiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 15

> type of hormone released during pregnancy
** positive feedback loop during pregnancy
** baby delivery will break positive feedback loop
it enhances the smooth muscle contraction of the uterus
post-partum - stimulates milk production

Answer 15

oxytocin

Question 16

> decreases urine production ( retain water - instances of dehydration)
causes arteriolar vasoconstriction
(**blood pressure is low)

Answer 16

AntiDiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 17

Factors that will promote the release of AntiDiuretic hormone (ADH)?
**makes you retain water

Answer 17

> dehydration
pain/ stress/ anxiety/ trauma
nicotine
some medications

Question 18

Factors that will inhibit the release of AntiDiuretic hormone (ADH)?

Answer 18

> increased blood volume

> alcohol