Topic 5 Lymbic system Flashcards
What system is involved in emotion, smelling and memory
Lymbic system
The lymbic system includes parts of…
The hypothalamus , hippocampus, amygdala, and other nearby structures.
This functions in memory (encoding, consolidation, and retrieval)
Very important in converting short term memory into long term memory
Hypocampus
Fear centre of the brain; important in emotional function (esp. Fear)
Amygdala
These have 3 protective layers of CT that encircle the brain and spinal cord
Meninges
The meninges 3 protective layers include…
Dura mater - tough outer layer
Arachnoid membrane - middle layer (cob web system)
Pia mater - inner layer
* they cover the brain/SC up to the point where the nerves exit the spinal cord
Spaces between?
The adipose and CT filled space between the wall of the vertebral canal and the dura matter (
Epidural space
no epidural space in the brain ONLY spinal cord
Spaces between?
Interstitial fluid-filled space between the dura mater and the arachnoid membrane
Subdural space
Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) filled space between arachnoid membrane and the pia mater
Subarachnoid space
Peripheral nervous system (PNS) include all the nervous tissue outside the CNS - name them
Cranial nerves
Spinal nerves
Ganglia
Sensory receptors
They are the path of communication between the brain and the periphery
With 12 pairs of nerves that exit from the base of the brain
Cranial nerves
They are the path of communication between the Spinal cord and the periphery (31 pairs of nerves)
Spinal nerves
Def. spinal nerves
Two bundles of axons that connect the spinal nerve to the Spinal cord
Nerve root
Def. spinal nerves
bundle of motor axons
Anterior Root
Aka ventral root
Def. spinal nerves
Bundle of sensory axons
Posterior root
Aka dorsal root
Def. spinal nerves
A swelling in the posterior root containing cell bodies of sensory (aka unipolar, primary afferent) neurons of the PNS
Posterior/ dorsal root ganglion
CT tissue of a spinal nerve…
Innermost, covers the axons (whether it’s myelinated or not - NOT vascularized)
Endoneurium
CT tissue of a spinal nerve…
Middle layer, covers fascicles (bundle of axons)
Perineurium
CT tissue of a spinal nerve…
Outermost layer, covers spinal nerve
Epineurium
Are the perineurium and epineurium highly vascularized? Yes/no
Yes
Name the 3 divisions of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Somatic NS (SNS) Autonomic NS (ANS) - SyNS + PaNS Enteric NS (ENS)
Also known as ‘the voluntary nervous system’
Sensory neurons (aka 1st order neurons) convey information to the CNS (eg. Temperature, pressure pain…)
Motor neurone conduct impulses (signals) from the CNS to the skeletal muscles ONLY
Somatic Nervous System (SNS)
This system monitors (sensory) and controls (motor) body activities (cardiac, smooth muscle, glands) automatically
Include 2 divisions Sympathetic Nervous System (SyNS) and Parasympatheric Nervous System (PaNS)
** SyNS PaNS are terms used @ Sutherland Chan
Automatic Nervous System (ANS)
The following describes which system…
Fight or flight
Highly sympathetic activity comes from being excited, scared, threatened
Some responses include: pupil dialation, increased heart rate, blood pressure
Airway dilation
Vasodilation of skeletal and cardiac mm
Glucose release
Vasoconstriction in kidneys and the digestive tract
Sympathetic Nervous System (SyNS)
The following describes which nervous system…
Rest and digest system (recovery state)
Conserve and restore energy systems
Increased digestive and urinary functions
Parasympathetic Nervous System (PaNS)
Term…
The major control and integration centre of the ANS is the hypothalamus
Autonomic Control
Term…
The balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic activity
Regulated by the hypothalamus
Most organs have dual innervation (PaNS & SyNS)
Autonomic Tone
More on page 101
in this system sensory neurons that monitor chemical changes within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the stretching of its walls
Motor neurons control contraction of the GI tract smooth muscle and secretions of the GI organs (eg. acid secretions by the stomach)
Enteric Nervous System (ENS)
