Topic 10 The Urinary system

Question 1

Urinary system structures (4)

Answer 1

kidneys (2)
ureters (2)
the bladder
urethra

Question 2

What are these?

1) regulation of the volume and composition of body fluids
2) regulation of electrolyte/ ion balance
3) regulation of acid-base (pH) balance
4) hormone production and secretion
5) waste excretion
6) regulation of blood glucose levels

Answer 2

Functions of the Urinary system

Question 3

The maintenance of normal body fluid levels is important for:
> maintaining normal cell volume
> normal function of the cardiovascular system

The urinary system does this by:
> regulating the excretion of (NaCI) Sodium chloride
> enzyme secretion (renin) which results in water retention

Answer 3

1) regulation of the volume and composition of body fluids

Question 4

> retaining water__________blood pressure

> eliminating water________blood pressure

Answer 4

> increases

> decreases

Question 5

The urinary system regulates several important ions

> hydrogen (H+) - feeds into pH balance
> sodium (Na+) - nervous system function
> potassium (K+) 
> calcium (Ca 2+) - bones/ muscle function
> chloride (CI-) - salt fluid levels
> bicarbonate (HC03) - buffer
> phosphate (PO...)

Answer 5

2) regulation of electrolyte/ ion balance

Question 6

RE. regulation of electrolyte/ ion balance

If intake exceeds excretion > the amount of that electrolyte in the body_______?

If excretion exceeds intake > the amount of that electrolyte in the body_______?

Answer 6

> increases

> decreases

Question 7

> The body does not tolerate fluctuations in pH
many functions of the body are very sensitive to pH
> therefore it must be maintained within strict homeostatic limits

Answer 7

3) regulation of acid-base (pH) balance

**normal pH of blood 7.35

Question 8

RE. regulation of acid-base (pH) balance

The kidneys play a key role in regulating the acid-base balance. How do they do that?

Answer 8

The kidneys regulate it by excreting hydrogen ions (H+) and reabsorbing bicarbonate

pH balance is creative
> Kidneys excretes H+
> Kidneys reabsorb bicarbonate (HC 03)

Question 9

Part of urinary system function...
Kidneys secrete
erythropoitin (EPO) 
calcitrin
renin

Answer 9

4) hormone production and secretion

Question 10

stimulates red blood cell production

Answer 10

erythropoitin (EPO)

Question 11

the active form of Vitamin D

Answer 11

calcitrin

Question 12

an enzyme (produced by kidneys) that activates the renin-angiotensin-aldostrene system

Answer 12

renin

** helps in the regulation of blood pressure and Sodium (Na+) and Potassium (K+) balance

Question 13

RE. waste excretion (T/F)

The kidneys excrete metabolic by-products that are not needed by the body - elimination is via urine

Answer 13

True

Question 14

RE waste excretion
urine contains:
1) ammonia and urea 
2) bilirubin
3) uric acid
4) creatinine
5) medications, toxins

Answer 14

1) waste product from protein metabolism
2) waste product from breakdown of hemoglobin (pigment)
3) waste product from breakdown of nucleic acids (energy substrates)
4) waste product from skeletal muscle
* ***** increased levels post heart attack and during workout
5) ______

Question 15

RE regulation of blood glucose levels

kidneys can only produce and release glucose into the blood stream if _________ is present

Answer 15

Hypoglycemia ** low blood sugar

NOTE. pancreatic islets are responsible for blood sugar control.