Topic 3 Integumentary system (skin) Flashcards
Integumentary structures - superficial to deep (3)
Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous tissue (fat layer, superficial fascia)
Overall function of the Integumentary system (5)
Protection ( barrier, cushioning, monitoring, UV) Thermoragulation Blood reservoir Excretion (eg. Sweat) Vitamin synthesis (eg. Vitamin D)
The following describes?
Superficial layer
Stratified squamous epithelium
Avascular
Epidermis
The are 4 types of Epidermal cells
Keratinocytes
Melanocytes
Langerhans cells
Merkle cells
Epidermal cell characteristics? Majority of epidermal cells Protein based coating form water proof layer Produce keratin ( cells are keratinized) Deeper cells constantly divide
Keratinocytes
Epidermal cell characteristics? Produce melanin (pigment); protein based
Melanocytes
This type of epidermal cell is responsible for recognizing foreign and harmful antigens and help emote them; part of immune system (line of defence)
Langerhans cells
This type of epidermal cell is involved in the sensation of touch (tactile epithelial cell)
Merkel cells
There are 5 Epidermal layers - name them
Deep to superior
Stratum basale Stratum spinosum Stratum granulosum Stratum lucidum Stratum corneum
Aka for Stratum basale
Stratum germinativum (Germina = growing)
Epidermal layer…
Has single row of keratinocytes anchored to the basement membrane;
Continuous mitosis
Stratum basale
Epidermal layer…
Provides strength and flexibility to the skin
Stratum spinosum (Spino = spiny, pointy)
Epidermal layer …
Where cells are dying
Stratum granulosum (Forever dying cells) (Granum = grain like)
Epidermal layer... Flat, dead keratinocytes Extra layer of cells, cells are clear Provides thickness and strength Buffer layer where needed like on soles of feet
Stratum lucidum
Epidermal layer…
Flat, dead keratinocytes that are shed
Stratum corneum
(Corne = horn)
* flat cells that curl up
What is the connective tissue layer separating epidermis and underlying adipose layer;
Collagen and elastin
Loose aerolar “Leather layer”
Dermis
Part of the integumentary system that contains…
Blood vessels, nerves
Has free nerve endings: pain, temperature
Pacing an corpuscles: pressure, vibration
Sweat and oil glands, and hair are also embedded here and continues to the epidermis
Epidermis
Part of the integumentary system that contains Areolar and adipose tissue; serves as shock absorber, insulator
Subcutaneous tissue
Aka hypodermis
Skin colour caracteristics…
Pale yellow to tan to black?
Melanin (melanocytes)
Skin colour caracteristics…
Yellow orange
Carotene (kerotene component )
Skin colour caracteristics…
Red pink
Hemoglobin (blood that binds to oxygen)
Skin colour caracteristics…
Redness (erythema)
Inflammatory response (patho)
Skin colour caracteristics…
Blue
Cyanosis (bluish colouring to skin, blue around lips)
Skin colour caracteristics…
Blue black
New bruising
Skin colour caracteristics…
Yellow
Jaundice
Skin colour caracteristics…
Yellow green
Old bruising
3 appendages of the skin
Hair, glands and nails
Type of skin appendage…
Rooted in the dermis; made up of dead keratinized cells;
Structurally made up of shaft, root, follicle
Hair
* arrector pill muscle: contract to pull the hair upright
Sebaceous glands: lubricates the hair
Hair colour: melanin
Some functions of the hair?
Protection: scalp, eyelashes, filtration
Thermoregulator
Sensation
What does the arrector pili muscle do?
Contract to pull the hair upright
Vestigeous function - goose bumps
The dermis also has glands, name the 3 types
Sebaceous (oil), sudoriferous (sweat), ceruminous (external ear)
This type of gland is associated with hair folecules;
Can be found all over the skin except the palms and soles;
Sebaceous (oil) glands
This is secreted from the sebaceous glands;
Keeps the skin moist, prevents hair from becoming dry/brittle, and kills surface bacteria
Sebum (anti-microbial properties)
Made up of keratinocytes; hardened plates of tightly packed, hard dead, keratinized epidermal cells.
Function: protection, small object manipulation, scratching, health status information
Nails
Condition of the skin…
Damaged from acute overexposure (sunburn)
DNA damage
Collage and elastic fibre damage
Sun and skin damage
Condition of the skin... Where the collagen fibres decrease in number and are not as functional Elastin loses its elasticity Fibroblasts decrease in numbers Skin becomes thinner
Aging of the skin
