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Term 1_Physiology > Topic 4 Skeletal system > Flashcards

Topic 4 Skeletal system Flashcards

1
Q 
What system function is to support
Protection (vital organs)
Helps with movement
Mineral homeostasis (+ storage)
Blood cell production (red marrow)
Storage
A

Skeletal system

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2
Q

Terms for blood production

A

Hemapoeisis/ hematopoeisis

Hema = blood / poiesis = production

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3
Q

skeletal structures…
The long main portion of the bone
Aka. Body, shaft

A

Diaphysis

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4
Q

skeletal structures…

Found at the ends of bones

A

Epiphyses

(Sing. Epiphysis, adj. epiphyseal

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5
Q

skeletal structures…
Regions between the diaphysis and the epiphyses;
Contains the epiphyseal growth plate/ epiphyseal line

A

Metaphyses

Sing. Metaphysis

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6
Q

Where is blood produced?

A

Pelvis, spine, skull, rib cage, proximal ends of femur and tibia

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7
Q

Part of the metaphyses…
A cartilagenous area within the metaphysis of the growing bone
Once growth stops, what remains is the epiphyseal line

A

Epiphyseal growth plate

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8
Q

A thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering the epiphyses is known as

A

Articular cartilage

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9
Q

Part of bone described as…
A tough CT covering that surrounds the bone
It protects, nourishes and heals the bone
It is an attachment for tendons and ligaments
Outer layer is tough and supportive/ protective
Inner layer has bone forming cells
Well vascularized and innervated

A

Periosteum

Protection layer of bone/ outer layer of bone

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10
Q

Part of bone…

They space within the diaphysis that contains red marrow and yellow marrow

A

Medullary cavity

Aka marrow cavity

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11
Q

Bone is CT

What is its Matrix Comprised of?

A

25% water, 25% collagen, 50% minerals salts (calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate)

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12
Q

Red marrow role

A

Blood cell formation

*red blood cells can be produced from yellow marrow

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13
Q

Yellow marrow role

A

For fat storage (found in adults)

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14
Q

Name the 4 types of cells found in bone

A

Osteoprogenitor cells
Osteoblasts
Osteocytes
Osteoclasts

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15
Q

Type of cell found in bone…
Active during normal growth, healing and cyclical bone replacement;
Bones are constantly changing (cell division)
Develops into a OSTEOBLAST

A

OsteoProgenitor cells

Aka. Osteogenic

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16
Q

Bone cell…
It’s a bone building cell;
Forms bone extracellular matrix

A

Osteoblasts

17
Q

Bone cell…
It’s a mature bone cell;
Maintains bone tissue

A

Osteocytes

18
Q

Bone cell…
Bone ‘eating cell’ cells (remove dead cells);
Functions in resorption, the breakdown of bone extracellular matrix

A

Osteoclasts

19
Q

** What are the 2 types of bone?

A

Compact , spongy

20
Q

** bone type
The external layer of all bones (outer part);
Provides protection and support

A

Compact bone

Aka. Cortical, dense

21
Q

6 structures of compact bone (p62-63)

A 
Osteon
Central canal
Concentric lamellae
Lucunae
Canaliculi
Volkmann's canals
22
Q

Structure of compact bone…

Cylindrical region

A

Osteon

Aka Haversian systems

23
Q

Structure of compact bone…

A hole through the centre of the osteon through which blood and lymphatic vessels run

A

Central canal

Aka Haversian canal

24
Q

Structure of compact bone…

Rings of hard, calcified bone matrix around a central canal (rings around canal)

A

Concentric lamellae

25
Q

Structure compact bone…
Spaces between the rings (concentric lamellae);
Where osteocytes are located (darker lining)

A

Lacunae

Sing. Lacuna

26
Q

Structure compact bone…
Small channel sticking out (in all directions) from the concentric Lacunae [dark branches]
Filled with extracellular fluid;
Allows osteocytes to communicate

A

Canaliculi

27
Q

Structure of compact bone…

Holes which run transversely to connect the inner and outer portions of the bone.

A

Volkmann’s canal

Aka transverse perforating canals

28
Q

Bone type…
Trabeculae contain osteocytes in lacunae connected by canaliculi
Inner layer of bone, Usually lighter
Spaces can contain red bone marrow
Designed for lower stressed from different directions

A 
Spongy bone (p65)
Aka. Cancellous bone
29
Q

Bone blood supply…

What enters the diaphysis at multiple points (Volkmann’s canal) to supply the periosteum and outer compact bone

A

Periosteal arteries

30
Q

Bone blood supply…

What enters the diaphysis via the nutrient foramen to supply the inner compact bone, spongy bone, and the red marrow

A

Nutrient arteries

31
Q

Bone blood supply…

What supplies the metaphysis

A

Metaphyseal arteries

32
Q

Bone blood supply…

What supplied the epiphysis

A

Epiphyseal arteries

33
Q

** Bone growth/ aging…

Page 66

A

X

Term 1_Physiology (27 decks)

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