Topic 4 Skeletal system Flashcards
What system function is to support Protection (vital organs) Helps with movement Mineral homeostasis (+ storage) Blood cell production (red marrow) Storage
Skeletal system
Terms for blood production
Hemapoeisis/ hematopoeisis
Hema = blood / poiesis = production
skeletal structures…
The long main portion of the bone
Aka. Body, shaft
Diaphysis
skeletal structures…
Found at the ends of bones
Epiphyses
(Sing. Epiphysis, adj. epiphyseal
skeletal structures…
Regions between the diaphysis and the epiphyses;
Contains the epiphyseal growth plate/ epiphyseal line
Metaphyses
Sing. Metaphysis
Where is blood produced?
Pelvis, spine, skull, rib cage, proximal ends of femur and tibia
Part of the metaphyses…
A cartilagenous area within the metaphysis of the growing bone
Once growth stops, what remains is the epiphyseal line
Epiphyseal growth plate
A thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering the epiphyses is known as
Articular cartilage
Part of bone described as…
A tough CT covering that surrounds the bone
It protects, nourishes and heals the bone
It is an attachment for tendons and ligaments
Outer layer is tough and supportive/ protective
Inner layer has bone forming cells
Well vascularized and innervated
Periosteum
Protection layer of bone/ outer layer of bone
Part of bone…
They space within the diaphysis that contains red marrow and yellow marrow
Medullary cavity
Aka marrow cavity
Bone is CT
What is its Matrix Comprised of?
25% water, 25% collagen, 50% minerals salts (calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate)
Red marrow role
Blood cell formation
*red blood cells can be produced from yellow marrow
Yellow marrow role
For fat storage (found in adults)
Name the 4 types of cells found in bone
Osteoprogenitor cells
Osteoblasts
Osteocytes
Osteoclasts
Type of cell found in bone…
Active during normal growth, healing and cyclical bone replacement;
Bones are constantly changing (cell division)
Develops into a OSTEOBLAST
OsteoProgenitor cells
Aka. Osteogenic
Bone cell…
It’s a bone building cell;
Forms bone extracellular matrix
Osteoblasts
Bone cell…
It’s a mature bone cell;
Maintains bone tissue
Osteocytes
Bone cell…
Bone ‘eating cell’ cells (remove dead cells);
Functions in resorption, the breakdown of bone extracellular matrix
Osteoclasts
** What are the 2 types of bone?
Compact , spongy
** bone type
The external layer of all bones (outer part);
Provides protection and support
Compact bone
Aka. Cortical, dense
6 structures of compact bone (p62-63)
Osteon Central canal Concentric lamellae Lucunae Canaliculi Volkmann's canals
Structure of compact bone…
Cylindrical region
Osteon
Aka Haversian systems
Structure of compact bone…
A hole through the centre of the osteon through which blood and lymphatic vessels run
Central canal
Aka Haversian canal
Structure of compact bone…
Rings of hard, calcified bone matrix around a central canal (rings around canal)
Concentric lamellae
Structure compact bone…
Spaces between the rings (concentric lamellae);
Where osteocytes are located (darker lining)
Lacunae
Sing. Lacuna
Structure compact bone…
Small channel sticking out (in all directions) from the concentric Lacunae [dark branches]
Filled with extracellular fluid;
Allows osteocytes to communicate
Canaliculi
Structure of compact bone…
Holes which run transversely to connect the inner and outer portions of the bone.
Volkmann’s canal
Aka transverse perforating canals
Bone type…
Trabeculae contain osteocytes in lacunae connected by canaliculi
Inner layer of bone, Usually lighter
Spaces can contain red bone marrow
Designed for lower stressed from different directions
Spongy bone (p65) Aka. Cancellous bone
Bone blood supply…
What enters the diaphysis at multiple points (Volkmann’s canal) to supply the periosteum and outer compact bone
Periosteal arteries
Bone blood supply…
What enters the diaphysis via the nutrient foramen to supply the inner compact bone, spongy bone, and the red marrow
Nutrient arteries
Bone blood supply…
What supplies the metaphysis
Metaphyseal arteries
Bone blood supply…
What supplied the epiphysis
Epiphyseal arteries
** Bone growth/ aging…
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