Topic 9 Gastrointestinal system_3 Stomach

Question 1

Peritoneum consists of 2 layers?

B/w these 2 layers is?

Answer 1

1) visceral peritoneum (AKA the serosa)
2) parietal peritoneum (surrounding wall

> peritoneal cavity

Question 2

Which organs are covered by the peritoneum on their anterior side ONLY
> they are called Retroperitoneal (behind/outside abdominal cavity)

Answer 2

Kidneys
Ascending/ descending colons
Duodenum
Pancreas

Question 3

What contains large folds that bind organs to one another and to the walls of the abdominal cavity

Answer 3

Peritoneum

Question 4

> A J-shaped enlargement in the GI tract
sits immediately below the diaphragm
runs from esophagus to the small intestine
can hold several litres

Answer 4

Stomach

Question 5

> Stomach mixes food for hrs?
Food enters the stomach via?
The soupy mix of food in the stomach is called?
Little to no food absorption happens in the stomach?

Answer 5

> 2-4 hours
LES (Lower esophageal sphincter)
chyme (bolus becomes chyme in stomach)
True (water, ions, some fats, medications, alcohol)

Question 6

Stomach…

once food particles are small enough, they pass through______ into the small intestine

Answer 6

Pyloric sphincter

*controls chyme moving from stomach

Question 7

The wall of the stomach has the same 4 layered arrangements (mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa) with some additions (2)

Answer 7

1) specialized cells (mucosa layer)

2) additional layer of smooth muscle (muscularis layer)

Question 8

The mucosa layer has specialized cells that secrete (5)

Answer 8

1) mucous (mucous neck cells)
2) intrinsic factor and HCI (pariental cells - Hypochloric acid)
3) pepsinogen and gastric lipase (chief cells)
4) gastrin (hormone that secreted by G cells)
5) secretions from mucous, parietal and chief cells

Question 9

TYpe of enzyme in mucosal layer of stomach that is not active until mixed with Hypochloric acid?

Answer 9

Pepsinogen

Question 10

TYpe of enzyme in mucosal layer of stomach that breaks down fat in stomach

Answer 10

Gastric lipase (chief cells)

Question 11

A hormone secreted by G cells that...
stimulates gastric juice production
strengthens LES contractions
increases stomach peristalsis
relaxes pyloric sphincter (entrance to sm intestine)

Answer 11

Gastrin

Question 12

Secretions from mucous, parietal and chief cells (G cells not included) are collectively called?

Answer 12

Gastric juice

Question 13

The muscularis has an additional (oblique) layer of smooth muscle to facilitate - what?

Answer 13

Mixing
*oblique fibres gives greater capacity to digest
> smooth muscle