Topic 7 Respiratory_3

Question 1

Blood supply to the lungs - process

Answer 1

Alveoli are surrounded by capillaries
> gas exchanges happen through simple diffusion across the alveolar and capillary walls (respiratory membrane)
> oxygen from the air into the blood (inhale)
> carbon dioxide from the blood into the air (exhale)

Question 2

What forms the respiratory membrane?

Answer 2

Alveolar & capillary walls
> alveolar epithelium
> basement membrane underlying alveolar epithelium
> basement membrane underlying endothelium, endothelium

Question 3

Gas transport happens via 2 ways?

Answer 3

Oxygen

Carbon dioxide

Question 4

What type of gas is carried from the lungs to the body tissue bound to hemoglobin (Hb)?
> a little is dissolved in the body
> it goes to the body tissues and is used

Answer 4

Oxygen

Question 5

What type of gas is carried in the blood in the from of bicarbonate (HCO2)?
> some is carried attached to Hemoglobin
> a little is dissolved in the blood
> it is released at the lungs and exhaled

Answer 5

Carbon dioxide

** some is carried attached to Hb (carboxyhemoglobin)

Question 6

Each lung is enclosed in, and protected by a double layered serous membrane - what is it called?

Answer 6

Pleural membrane

Question 7

The layer of Pleural membrane that covers the lungs

Answer 7

Visceral pleura

Question 8

The layer of Pleural membrane that covers the inside of the thoracic cavity

Answer 8

Parietal pleura

Question 9

The space b/w the visceral & parietal pleura which contains the lubricating fluid

Answer 9

Pleural cavity

Question 10

Type of Ventilation...
Active process - mm contractions expand the lungs and thoracic cage
Thoracic volume increases
Thoracic pressure decreases
Air rushes in to normalize the pressure

Answer 10

Inhalation

Question 11

Type of Ventilation...
A passive process (when at rest)
Muscle relax, elastic recoil of the thoracic cage
Thoracic volume decreases
Thoracic pressure increases
Air rushes out to normalize the pressure

Answer 11

Exhalation

Question 12

Term

The largest volume of air that can be brought into the lungs

Answer 12

Forced Vital Capacity (FVC)

** maximum inhalation

Question 13

Term

The volume of air that can be exhaled in 1 second (after maximum inhalation)

Answer 13

Forced Expiration Volume (FEV1)

Question 14

Term

The volume of air in one regular breath

Answer 14

Tidal volume (Vt)
** regular resting breath (sitting)

Question 15

Respiratory system control via 2 means

Answer 15

Central control

Peripheral chemoreceptors

Question 16

Type of respiratory control centre..
The respiratory control centre (in the brain stem (pons & medulla oblongata)) control the rhythm and rate of breathing
> Central chemoreceptors detect rising concentrations of CO2 and H+ and respond by increasing ventilation

Answer 16

Central control

*relates to Negative feedback loop

Question 17

Type of respiratory control…
Located in the carotid arteries and the arch of the aorta
They respond to rising CO2 and H+(hydrogen) concentrations and/or dropping O2 (oxygen) concentrations and respond by increasing ventilation

Answer 17

Peripheral chemoreceptors