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Term 1_Physiology > Topic 5 Nervous system / neurons > Flashcards

Topic 5 Nervous system / neurons Flashcards

1
Q

The 2 main subdivisions of the nervous system ?

A

Central nervous system (CNS) & Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

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2
Q

The central nervous system consists of?

A

Brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

The peripheral nervous system consists of ?

A

All nervous tissue outside of the CNS.

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4
Q

What are the Functions of the NS? (3)

A

Sensory - detection and input (towards CNC)

Integrative - processing/storing/ analyzing of sensory info;
Decision making

Motor - output (role of PNS)

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5
Q

Types of tissue…

Nervous tissue is designed for what?

A

Communication

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6
Q

Name the types of cells?

A

Neurons and neuroglia

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7
Q

Role of the neuroglia (glia cells)?

A

Support, nourish, protect

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8
Q

Name the 3 parts of the Neurons ( nerve cell)

A

Dendrite, cell body, axon

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9
Q

Is the input portion of the neuron;

Contains lots of receptor sites for receiving chemical messages from other cells

A

Dendrite

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10
Q

Part of neuron that is responsible for cell processes;

Contains the neucleus and other organelles

A

Cell body

Aka soma, perikaryon (holds nucleus DNA/RNA)

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11
Q

A thin cylindrical process off the cell body;

It is the output portion of the neuron

A

Axon

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12
Q

The end of the axon divides into many fine processes called?

A

Axon terminals

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13
Q

The swollen ends of the axon terminals?

A

Synaptic end bulb

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14
Q

Def.
A multilayered lipid and protein covering that speeds up signal conduction
Signal = action potential

A

Myelin

*myelin insulates to aid the speed of communication

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15
Q

Some axons are myelinated; axons coated in myelin are called?

A

Myelinated axons

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16
Q

These possess electrical excitability;

Can respond to a stimulus and convert it to an action potential(AP)

A

Neuron

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17
Q

Def.

Any change in the environment (internal external) that is strong enough to stimulate an Action Potential (AP)

A

Stimulus

18
Q

Def.
An electrical signal that travels along the cell membrane of a neuron;
Influenced by myelin, they travel at different speeds

A

Action potential (AP)

19
Q

Neurons vary in size and shape;

Structural, they are classified according to the number of processes extending from the cell body - name the 3 types

A

Multipolar
Biopolar
Unipolar

20
Q

Neuron structure…
Several dendrites and one axon
* most neutrons in the brain and spinal cord and all motor neurons

A

Multipolar

21
Q

Neuron structure…
One main dendrite and one axon
*retina, inner ear, olfactory system

A

Bipolar

22
Q

Neuron structure…
Peripheral axon has sensory receptors;
Central axon has a on terminals;
*Sensory neutrons in the PNS are —-

A

Unipolar

23
Q

Functionally, neurons are classified according to the direction in which the AP is conducted - name the 3 types

A

Sensory neurons
Motor neurons
Interneurons

24
Q

Most are unipolar;
Contain either sensory receptors at the ends or are located just after sensory receptors that are separate cells
Once activated by a stimulus, the AP forms and propagates along the axon and is conveyed into the CNS by these
They travel together in spinal and cranial nerves

A

Sensory neurons

Aka Afferent neurons

25
Q

Are multipolar;

The AP propagates way from the CNS to the effectors via these

A

Motor neurons

Aka Efferent neurons

26
Q

Def.

The cells and organs (eg. Muscle fibres, glands

A

Effectors

27
Q

Most are multipolar
Located primarily in the CNS between the sensory and motor neurons;
They integrate/ process information from sensory neurons -
If motor response is required, the specifics of the response are formulated and relevant motor neurone are activated.

A

Interneurons

Aka Association neurons

28
Q

Def.

The site of communication between two neutrons or between a neutron and another type of cell

A

Synapse

29
Q

There are 2 types of synapses

A

Electrical and chemical

30
Q

Type of synapse…
APs conduct directly between the plasma membranes of adjacent cells through gap junctions
Faster (than chemical)
Allows for synchronization of function

A

Electrical synapses

31
Q

Chemical synapses - terms…

The neuron sending the signal

A

Pre-synaptic neuron

32
Q

Chemical synapses - terms…

The neutron receiving the signal

A

Post-synaptic neuron

33
Q

Chemical synapses - terms…

The space between the communication neurons

A

Synaptic clef

34
Q

Chemical synapses - terms…
A chemical released by the pre-synaptic neuron to affect (excite inhibit) the post-synaptic neuron(s) or effector (muscle/glands)

A

Neurotransmitter (NT)

*NT receptors are specific to the NT released (think lock and key)

35
Q

Def.
When the AP reaches the end of the pre-synaptic neuron, it causes the release of a neurotransmitter that diffuses across the synaptic clef, binds to the post-synaptic neuron

A

Chemical synapses

36
Q

If neurotransmitter is excitatory, continuation of the AP is …

A

More likely

37
Q

If neurotransmitter is inhibitory, continuation of the AP is

A

Less likely

38
Q

Common Neurotransmitters (4)

A

Acetylcholine (ACh)
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Dopamine
Serotonin

39
Q

Neurotransmitter found in the PNS/CNS, excitatory at neuro muscular junction

A

Acetylcholine

40
Q

Neurotransmitter found in the CNS, inhibitory

A

Gamma-aminobutyric acid

* regulate muscle tone, contractions

41
Q

Neurotransmitter that is excitatory or inhibitory (depending on receptors), emotional responses, addictive behaviours, skeletal tone

A

Dopamine

* emotional response

42
Q

Neurotransmitter that is excitatory or inhibitory (depending on receptor), sensory perception , temperature regulation, mood, sleep, appetite

A

Serotonin

* serotonin stays in the synaptic clef longer

Term 1_Physiology (27 decks)

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