Topic 10 The Urinary system_3 Kidneys, reproductive

Question 1

Term
> it is the amount of filtrate formed per minute
> it is an indicator of kidney function
> is fairly constant under normal conditions

Answer 1

Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)

Question 2

Increased GFR = ?

Answer 2

increased urine production

Question 3

Decreased GFR = ?

Answer 3

decreased urine production

Question 4

In general, how will the body regulate GFR? (2)

Answer 4

> adjusts blood flow in/ out of glomerulus

> alters the capillar surface area for filtration

Question 5

There are 3 ways body controls the GFR?

Answer 5

1) renal auto-regulation (itself kidney)
2) neural regulation (nervous system)
3) hormonal regulation (endocrine system)

Question 6

2 processes of Renal Auto-Regulation of GFR

Answer 6

> myogenic mechanism (Muscular)

> tubuloglomerular feedback (Chemical)

Question 7

• an increase in BP = renal blood flow = increases GFR
• also stretches the wall of the afferent arterioles (smooth muscles contract)
• stretching triggers the contraction of smooth muscle in the walls of the afferent arterioles
• vasoconstriction reduces blood flow and reduces GFR to previous levels

** opposite happens with a decrease in BP.

Answer 7

> myogenic mechanism

** opposite happens with a decrease in BP.

Question 8

• an increase in BP = renal blood flow = increases GFR
• also increases the Na+ (sodium), CI- (chloride) and water in the tubular fluid
• the increased Na+ (sodium), CI- (chloride) and water in the tubular fluid
  triggers vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole
• vasoconstriction reduces blood flow and decreases GFR to previous levels

** opposite happens with a decrease in BP.

Answer 8

> tubuloglomerular feedback

Question 9

> kidney blood vessels get SyNS innervation
Type of GFR regulation
SyNS activation causes vasoconstriction (afferent/ efferent)
with increased SyNS activation, vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole is greater which decreases GFR
reduced GFR helps to redirect blood to other tissues

Answer 9

Neural regulation of GFR

*GFR will decrease when SyNS response is high

Question 10

Type of GFR regulation..
where angiotensin II and Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP - heart related
+ other hormones that effect re-absorption and secretion of water and ions by the renal tubes

Answer 10

Hormonal Regulation of re-absorption and secretion

Question 11

type of hormone…
> has strong vasoconstrictor (both afferent/ efferent tubules)
> reduces GFR

Answer 11

Angiotensin II

Question 12

type of hormone…
> released by the heart in response to atrial stretching
> which increases blood volume
> increases GFR

Answer 12

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)