Topic 6 Myology

Question 1

Specialized cells that use ATP in the generation of force?

Answer 1

Muscle tissue

Question 2

3 types of muscle tissue ;

Functions include: body movement, substance movement, control of substance movement, thermogenesis

Answer 2

Skeletal, smooth cardiac

Question 3

Common characteristics of muscle tissue

Answer 3

Electrical excitability
Contractility
Extensibility
Elasticity

Question 4

The ability to respond to certain stimuli by producing electrical signals;

Electrical signals produced are called ?

Answer 4

Electrical excitability
(Directive from nervous system)

Action potentials (APs)

Question 5

The ability of muscle tissue to generate tension (force) when stimulated by an Action Potential

Answer 5

Contractibility

Question 6

The ability of muscle to stretch (lengthen) without being damaged;
Muscle still can contract when stretched

Answer 6

Extensibility

Question 7

The ability of muscle tissue to return to its original shape after contraction or stretch

Answer 7

Elasticity

Question 8

Aka striated muscle

Answer 8

Skeletal muscle

Question 9

Striations as alternating light and dark bands that are characteristics of this muscle type;
Voluntary/ conscious control (also subject to involuntary control)

Answer 9

Skeletal muscle

Question 10

It’s size is measured in centimetres;

Subdivided into bundles of fascicles

Answer 10

Muscle

Question 11

It’s size measured in milimeters;

Each of these is made up of many muscle fibres

Answer 11

Fascicles

Question 12

It’s size is measured in ‘um x100’;

Cylindrical in shape

Answer 12

Muscle fibres

Aka muscle cell

Question 13

Term
The cell (plasma) membrane of the muscle cell

Answer 13

Sarcolemma
Sarco=flesh
Lemma=sheath

Question 14

Term

Tiny invaginations tunnels in from the sarcolemma towards the centre of the muscle fibres

Answer 14

Transverse tubules (T-tubules)

Question 15

Term

The cytoplasm of the muscle fibres - lots of glycogen (fluid within cell)

Answer 15

Sarcoplasm

Question 16

Term
A protein that binds o yen that has diffused into muscle fibre and delivers it to the mitochondria (power house producing cell)

Answer 16

Myoglobin

Question 17

Muscle fibres has lots of these

Answer 17

Mitochondria

Question 18

This type of fibre is multinucleated;

Filled with myofibrils

Answer 18

Muscle fibres

Aka muscle cell

Question 19

Hierarchy of skeletal organization

Answer 19

Muscle
> Fascicles (bundle of muscle fibres)
> muscle fibre (muscle cell)
> myofibril (organelles within the muscle cell)
> sarcormere
> actin & myosin (protein filaments)

Question 20

These are specialized contractile organelles of muscle cell;
Measured in ‘um’ diameter
Extend the length of muscle fibre
Are held in place by cytoskeletal proteins
Contain a number of sarcomameres arranged in series (end to end)

Answer 20

Myofibril

Question 21

Fluid filled tubes and sacs surrounding each myofibril

They store and release calcium into the cell (when it’s neede)

Answer 21

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 22

Represents the functional unit of a myofibril (of contraction)
Contain 2 contractile proteins : actin & myosin
Thick and thin filaments overlap and their interaction is what generates force/ contraction
Their overlap also creates a light and dark which gives skeletal mule its striated appearance

Answer 22

Sarcomere

Question 23

Makes up the the thin filaments within A sarcomere

Answer 23

Actin

Question 24

Makes up the the thick filaments within the sarcomere

Answer 24

Myosin