Topic 9 Gastrointestinal system_2

Question 1

What? - cut/ grind food, mix it with salvia, make food more manageable to swallow

Answer 1

Teeth

mastication/ mechanical digestion

Question 2

What? - related to mouth

skeletal muscle covered in mucous membrane

Answer 2

Tongue

Question 3

What? - related to mouth

water, solutes and enzymes

Answer 3

Saliva

Question 4

What? - related to mouth

a soft, flexible mass that is swallowed (ie passes into the pharynx)

Answer 4

Bolus (ball of food covered in mucous)

Question 5

List the types of salivary glands (3)

Answer 5

Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual

Question 6

salivary glands…

inferior and anterior to ear, b/w the skin and the massseter

Answer 6

Parotid

Question 7

salivary glands…

floor of the mouth

Answer 7

Submandibular

Question 8

salivary glands…

beneath the tongue

Answer 8

Sublingual

Question 9

> Skeletal muscle lined with mucous membrane
Muscle contractions move the bolus from the mouth in the ________into the esophagus
c-shaped cartilage

Answer 9

Pharynx

aka throat

Question 10

> skeletal and smooth muscle
a collapsible muscular tube sitting posterior to the trachea
runs from the lowest segment of the pharynx through the diaphragm (the esophageal hiatus) to the superior aspect of the stomach

Answer 10

Esophagus

Question 11

What function to: secrete mucous

transport the bolus to the stomach

Answer 11

Esophagus

Question 12

Esophagus…
Wave-like contractions of the smooth muscle lining the walls of the GI tract that move the bolus along the tract (from the esophagus to the anus)

Answer 12

Peristalsis

Question 13

Esophagus…
> Passage of food from the pharynx into the esophagus is controlled by ________
> Passage of food from the esophagus into the stomach is controlled by ________

Answer 13

> Upper esophageal sphincter (always in sustained contract state)
Lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
** if it doesn’t work properly can allow acid reflux

Question 14

(Hollow) Organs of the GI tract are? (6)

Answer 14

Mouth
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine

Question 15

Accessory digestive organs are? (6)

Answer 15

Teeth
Tongue
Salivary glands
Liver
Gallbladder
pancreas

Question 16

The wall of the GI tract from the lower esophagus to the anal canal has the same 4 layered arrangement
From superficial to deep
***(in reference to the inside of lumen)

Answer 16

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis
Serosa

Question 17

A mucous membrane consisting of:
Epithelium
Lamina propria
Muscularis mucosa

Answer 17

Mucosa

Question 18

Part of Mucosa consisting…
Epithelial cells
Exocrine cells (secrete mucous, liquid)
Enteroendocrine cells (secrete hormones)

Answer 18

Epithelium

Question 19

Part of Mucosa consisting…
CT (areolar)
Blood and Lymphatic vessels (for absorption)
Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT) - immune function/protection

Answer 19

Lamina propria

Question 20

Part of Mucosa consisting…

A smooth muscle layer that creates folds in the mucosa

Answer 20

Muscularis mucosa

Question 21

Layer of GI tract…
> CT layer that binds to the mucosa to the muscularis layer
> contains many blood and lymphatic vessels (for nutrient transport)
> contains neurons of the enteric nervous system for GI control

Answer 21

Submucosa

Question 22

True/False
The four layers of the GI tract, from deep to superficial are:
Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis
Serosa

Answer 22

True

Question 23

Layer of GI tract…

Medium layer?

Answer 23

Muscularis

Question 24

Layer of GI tract… Muscularis
> Has 2 types of muscles

*generally in 2 layers of muscle cells
Circular fibres (squeeze to move things through)
longitudinal fibres (facilitate movement of food)

Answer 24

1) Skeletal muscle (voluntary)
> Includes: mouth, pharynx, upper 2/3rd of the esophagus, external sphincter
2) Smooth muscle (involuntary)
> Includes: everything else

Question 25

Layer of GI tract… muscularis

> Contractions helps to?
Contractions (frequency and strength are controlled by?

Answer 25

> break down food, mix food with secretions, move food through the GI tract
Enteric nervous system (autonomic NS)

Question 26

> Serous membrane (secretes mucous - includes parietal and visceral layers)
outermost layer of the organs in the abdominal cavity

Answer 26

Serosa