Topic 9 Gastrointestinal system_2 Flashcards
What? - cut/ grind food, mix it with salvia, make food more manageable to swallow
Teeth
mastication/ mechanical digestion
What? - related to mouth
skeletal muscle covered in mucous membrane
Tongue
What? - related to mouth
water, solutes and enzymes
Saliva
What? - related to mouth
a soft, flexible mass that is swallowed (ie passes into the pharynx)
Bolus (ball of food covered in mucous)
List the types of salivary glands (3)
Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual
salivary glands…
inferior and anterior to ear, b/w the skin and the massseter
Parotid
salivary glands…
floor of the mouth
Submandibular
salivary glands…
beneath the tongue
Sublingual
> Skeletal muscle lined with mucous membrane
Muscle contractions move the bolus from the mouth in the ________into the esophagus
c-shaped cartilage
Pharynx
aka throat
> skeletal and smooth muscle
a collapsible muscular tube sitting posterior to the trachea
runs from the lowest segment of the pharynx through the diaphragm (the esophageal hiatus) to the superior aspect of the stomach
Esophagus
What function to: secrete mucous
transport the bolus to the stomach
Esophagus
Esophagus…
Wave-like contractions of the smooth muscle lining the walls of the GI tract that move the bolus along the tract (from the esophagus to the anus)
Peristalsis
Esophagus…
> Passage of food from the pharynx into the esophagus is controlled by ________
> Passage of food from the esophagus into the stomach is controlled by ________
> Upper esophageal sphincter (always in sustained contract state)
Lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
** if it doesn’t work properly can allow acid reflux
(Hollow) Organs of the GI tract are? (6)
Mouth Pharynx Esophagus Stomach Small intestine Large intestine
Accessory digestive organs are? (6)
Teeth Tongue Salivary glands Liver Gallbladder pancreas
The wall of the GI tract from the lower esophagus to the anal canal has the same 4 layered arrangement
From superficial to deep
***(in reference to the inside of lumen)
Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis
Serosa
A mucous membrane consisting of:
Epithelium
Lamina propria
Muscularis mucosa
Mucosa
Part of Mucosa consisting…
Epithelial cells
Exocrine cells (secrete mucous, liquid)
Enteroendocrine cells (secrete hormones)
Epithelium
Part of Mucosa consisting…
CT (areolar)
Blood and Lymphatic vessels (for absorption)
Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT) - immune function/protection
Lamina propria
Part of Mucosa consisting…
A smooth muscle layer that creates folds in the mucosa
Muscularis mucosa
Layer of GI tract…
> CT layer that binds to the mucosa to the muscularis layer
> contains many blood and lymphatic vessels (for nutrient transport)
> contains neurons of the enteric nervous system for GI control
Submucosa
True/False The four layers of the GI tract, from deep to superficial are: Mucosa Submucosa Muscularis Serosa
True
Layer of GI tract…
Medium layer?
Muscularis
Layer of GI tract… Muscularis
> Has 2 types of muscles
*generally in 2 layers of muscle cells Circular fibres (squeeze to move things through) longitudinal fibres (facilitate movement of food)
1) Skeletal muscle (voluntary)
> Includes: mouth, pharynx, upper 2/3rd of the esophagus, external sphincter
2) Smooth muscle (involuntary)
> Includes: everything else
Layer of GI tract… muscularis
> Contractions helps to?
Contractions (frequency and strength are controlled by?
> break down food, mix food with secretions, move food through the GI tract
Enteric nervous system (autonomic NS)
> Serous membrane (secretes mucous - includes parietal and visceral layers)
outermost layer of the organs in the abdominal cavity
Serosa
