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Term 1_Physiology > Topic 6 Skeletal Muscle Fiber types > Flashcards

Topic 6 Skeletal Muscle Fiber types Flashcards

1
Q

RE. Skeletal muscle types, not all skeletal muscle fibres are the same - differences include (3)

A

the speed which they generate tension
how they use different energy substrates
how they fatigue

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2
Q

There are 3 main types of skeletal muscle fibre

A

1) Slow oxidative
2) Fast Oxydative-Glycolytic (FOG)
3) Fast Glycolytic

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3
Q

True/False
The forcefulness of contraction (ability to generate force) depends on the length of the sarcomeres within a muscle BEFORE the contraction begins

A

True

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4
Q

Greatest ability to generate tension

A 
Optimal overlap (resting tension)
***Mid range - greatest capacity to generate force
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5
Q

Decreased ability to generate tension - 1

A

Minimal overlap (lengthening)

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6
Q

Decreased ability to generate tension - 2

A

Excessive overlap

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7
Q

Types of contractions…

muscle contraction through a range against a resistance that is not changing

A

Isotonic

Iso=Same Tonic=Assistance

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8
Q

Types of contractions…

a shortening contraction

A

Concentric

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9
Q

Types of contractions…

a lengthening contraction

A

Eccentric

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10
Q

Types of contractions…

muscle contraction which the length of the muscle does not visibly change

A

Isometric

Iso=Same Metric=Measurement

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11
Q

Types of contractions… NEW

muscle contraction through a range in which equipment varies the resistance to match the length of the curve

A

Variable resistance

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12
Q

Types of contractions… NEW

muscle contraction through a range in which equipment keeps the same velocity of movement constant

A

Isokinetic

Iso=same Kinetic=Movement

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13
Q

Re. muscle tone…
a small amount of tension being generated in the muscle;
not strong enough to produce motion

A

Resting tone

*resistance in tissue

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14
Q

muscle term

a brief contraction of all the muscle fibres in a motor unity in response to a single AP in its motor neuron

A

Twitch contaction

*single motor unit level - usually

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15
Q

muscle term

a lack of tone from the nerve being damaged or cut

A

Flaccidity

*nerve has reconnected if you see a twitch during rehab

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16
Q

muscle term

increase in muscle size

A

Hypertrophy

*muscle growth

17
Q

muscle term

decrease in muscle size

A

Atrophy

*decrease in muscle size

18
Q

Types of muscle fatigue (5)

A

1) inability of a muscle to function at the required level
2) energy substrate depletion
3) metabolic by-products (eg. heat interfering with muscle performance
4) neurological fatigue (eg physiology - overworked muscles)
5) central nervous system fatigue (eg Drive/ motivation is affected depression - speaks to motivation)

19
Q

Re. muscle regeneration…
They are undifferentiated muscle cells;
actively involved in muscle repair and regeneration;
capacity is limited

A

Satellite cells

*stem cells for muscles

20
Q

Re. muscle connective tissue…

it surrounds the entire muscle

A

Epimysium

21
Q

Re. muscle connective tissue…

it surrounds the fascicles

A

Perimysium

22
Q

Re. muscle connective tissue…

it surrounds the muscle fibre

A

Endomysium

23
Q

Tendons are an extension of muscle cells
eg. the epimysium, perimysium, endomysium are all interconnected;

They extend beyond the muscle fibres to connect the muscle to the periosteum (or other structures)

A

these connections are known as junctions

24
Q

The transition from muscle tissue to tendon

A

musculotendendinous junction

25
Q

The transition from tendon to periosteum

A

tendoperiosteal junction

26
Q

Its known as a ‘broad, flat, tendon

A

Aponeurosis

27
Q

A tube that surrounds a tendon to protect it

A

Tendon sheath

28
Q

Type of muscle…
> Same actin/ myosin arrangement as skeletal muscle;
> Fibres are branched - the ends are fit tightly together with neighbouring fibres called intercalated discs;
> Anchoring junctions hold them together;
> Gap junctions allow for cells to communicate quickly
> involuntary control (electric synaps)

A

Cardiac muscle

29
Q

Re. Autorythmicity…
What type of muscle has specialized cells that can generate their own electric signals;
They act as a pacemaker

A

Cardiac muscle

30
Q 
Type of muscle...
> Found in the walls of hollow tubes;
> Spindle shaped
> have gap junctions
> involuntary control
> contractions start slowly and last longer
A

Smooth muscle

31
Q

Smooth muscle has 2 types of tissue ?

A

1) single unit smooth muscle tissue

2) multi unit smooth muscle tissue

32
Q

Type of smooth muscle tissue…
One AP supplies smooth muscle fibres…
> Via gap junctions, they operate as a single unit;
> walls of small arteries, hollow organs

A

single unit smooth muscle tissue

33
Q

Type of smooth muscle tissue…
One motor neuron terminal supplies one smooth muscle muscle fibre
> Via few gap junctions;
> Walls of large arteries, airways in lungs, erector pilli, muscle of iris

A

multi unit smooth muscle tissue

Term 1_Physiology (27 decks)

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