Topic 9 Endocrine System_3 thyroid... Flashcards
Type of gland…
inferior to larynx
produces thyroid hormones and calcitonin
activity is controlled by hypothalamus-pituitary
Thyroid gland
- produces thyroid hormones & calcitonin
type of hormone
> increase basal metabolic rate
> maintain body temperature
> stimulates protein synthesis
> increase the use of glucose and lipids to generate ATP
> enhances the actions of norepinephrine and epinephrine (= ^ HR, ^ heart contractibility, ^BP)
> with hGH + insulin, body growth accelerates
thyroid hormones
type of hormone
> decreases blood calcium levels by inhibiting osteoclast (eat bone) activity
* part of a negative feedback loop
calcitonin
TYpe of gland
> located posterior aspect of thyroid gland
> secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Parathyroid gland
> They increase the blood calcium, magnesium, and phosphate levels by increasing the number and activity of osteoclasts
ALSO
works on kidneys to decrease their secretion of calcium and magnesium and to promote the formation of calcitrol (active form of vitamin D
Parathyroid gland
Type of gland.. attached to kidneys
each has an _______cortex (bark) and an _____medulla (inside)
Adrenal glands
Adrenal cortex releases (3)
1) aldosterone
2) cortisol
3) androgens
Adrenal medulla releases (2)
1) epinephrine (adrenaline)
2) norepinephrine (noradrenaline)
hormone released by adrenal cortex…
> regulates sodium and potassium levels
> helps regulates blood pressure/ volume
> helps in the elimination of H+ (acid) - hydrogen ions
Aldosterone
released by adrenal cortex…
> stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb sodium and water and stimulates arteriolar smooth muscle contraction
> released in response to dehydration, sodium deficiency, hemorrhage
Aldosterone
released by adrenal cortex…
> the stress hormone
> has favourable and not so favourable impacts on the various systems within the body
(immune system, cardiovascular, reproductive system, skeletal system, renal system, muscle system, GI system)
Cortisol
** more content page 219
released by adrenal cortex…
stimulates axillary and pubic hair growth during puberty
males - after puberty (weak)
females - after puberty (function in libido)
Androgens
** androgens are converted to estrogens (post puberty females)
> produces norepinephrine (noradrenaline), epinephrine (adrenaline)
both are released during stress & exercise
they increase the SyNS response
Adrenal medulla
type of gland
> secretes melatonin to regulate sleep cycles
> increased secretion in darkness, decreases secretion in sunlight
Pineal gland
type of gland
hormones promote the maturation of T cells
Thymus
- pre-T cells migrate from red marrow and mature in the thymus
