Topic 5 Nervous system / neuroglia

Question 1

Role of the neuroglia?

Answer 1

Support, nourish and protect neurons

With injury and/or disease, neuroglia multiply to fill the spaces formerly occupied by neurons

Question 2

What are the 4 types of neuroglia of the CNS?

Answer 2

Astrocytes
Obligodendrocytes
Microglia
Ependymal cells

Question 3

These neuroglia cells help form the blood brain barrier (BBB);
Provide nutrients to neurons

Answer 3

Astrocytes

Question 4

A specialized barrier that prevents the passage of materials from the blood and the brain (and its surrounding fluid)
It protects the brain from harmful substances
thick basement membrane, tight junctions

Answer 4

Blood-brain barrier

Question 5

Neuroglia cells that form/ maintain the myelin sheath of CNS neurons

Answer 5

Obligodendrocytes
Obligo=a few
Dendro=tree

Question 6

Phagocytotic cells (similar to tissue macrophages);
They remove debris, phagocytize microbes from CNS
Activated with disease or damage taken place

Answer 6

Microglia

*only in CNS like immune system cell

Question 7

They line the cavities of the brain and spinal cord (secrete)
They produce and assist in the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Answer 7

Ependymal cells

Question 8

Def.
A clear, colourless fluid that circulates around the brain and spinal cord.
It protects the brain and spinal cord from injury

Answer 8

Cerebrospinal fluid CFS

*acts as buffer for brain, help to protect from damage

Question 9

Type of neuroglia…
Cells that encircle axons in the Peripheral nervous system
They form the myelin sheath of PNS axons
Are involved in the regeneration of PNS axons

Answer 9

Schwann cells

*only located in the Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Question 10

Structures of the nervous system…

CNS is comprised of 2 parts

Answer 10

Brain and spinal cord

Question 11

Structures of the nervous system…

The peripheral nervous system comprises (5)

Answer 11

Cranial nerves and their branches
Spinal nerves and their branches
Ganglia
Enteric plexuses (digestive system)
Sensory receptors(skin)

Question 12

Def.

A cluster of neuronal cell bodies in the CNS

Answer 12

Nucleus

Plural nuclei

Question 13

Def.

A cluster of neuronal cell bodies in the PNS

Answer 13

Ganglion

Plural ganglia

Question 14

Def.

a bundle of axons in the CNS

Answer 14

Tract

*tracts interconnect neurons in the spinal cord and brain

Question 15

Def.

A bundle of axons in the PNS

Answer 15

Nerve

Question 16

Type of nerve that connects the spinal cord to the periphery

Answer 16

Spinal nerve

Question 17

Type of nerve that connects the brain to the periphery

Answer 17

Cranial nerve

Question 18

Def.

Collections of cell bodies and unmyelinated nerve fibres in the CNS

Answer 18

Grey matter

Question 19

Def.

collections of myelinated axons in the CNS

Answer 19

White matter

Question 20

Encased in the vertebrae (bones & spine)

Extends from the bottom part of the brain stem to the 2nd lumbar vertebra (L2)

Answer 20

Spinal cord

Question 21

At L2 the spinal cord tapers into a structure called ?

Answer 21

Conus medullaris

Question 22

The roots of the spinal nerves below the conus medullaris is called

Answer 22

Cauda equina

Like horses tail

Question 23

Spinal cord structure…
White matter surrounds the inner core of grey matter
There are 2 grooves that divide the white matter into right and left. What are they

Answer 23

Anterior median fissure and the posterior sulcus.

Question 24

Def.

A small tube in the Sinal Cord that contains the CSF (cerebral spinal fluid)

Answer 24

Central canal

Question 25

Spinal cord structure…

Each side is decided into regions called horns

Answer 25

Grey matter

Question 26

What horns related to grey matter have axons of incoming sensory neurons and interneurons?

Answer 26

Posterior horn

Aka dorsal horn

Question 27

What horns related to great matter have motor nuclei ?

Answer 27

Anterior horn

Aka ventral horn

Question 28

What horn related to grey matter is present in thoracic, upper lumbar, sacral portions, they contain the sympathetic nuclei

Answer 28

Lateral horn

Question 29

Each side is divided into regions called columns

Answer 29

White matter

Question 30

White matter is divided into 3 regions

Answer 30

Anterior (aka ventral) columns
Posterior (aka dorsal) columns
Lateral columns

Question 31

White matter…

Each column contains bundles of axons that have a common origin or destination -these are known as?

Answer 31

Sensory and motor

Question 32

These tracts consist of axons that conduct APs toward the brain

Answer 32

Sensory

Aka ascending

Question 33

These tracts consist of axons that conduct APs away from the brain

Answer 33

Motor

Aka descending