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IMS > Topic 9 - Endocrinology > Flashcards

Topic 9 - Endocrinology Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 5 hormones that are made in the anterior pituitary gland

A

FSH/LH

GH

ACTH

TSH/Thyrotropin

Prolactin

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2
Q

Name 2 hormones that the pituitary gland produces

A

ADH

Oxytocin

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3
Q

what 4 organs that are not controlled by the Pituitary

A

Adrenal Medulla (adrenaline)

Parathyroid Gland (calcium)

Pancreas (sugars)

Gut Hormones

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4
Q

what are the 3 structures of the thyroid

A

Midline Isthmus

Right lobe

Left lobe

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5
Q

what cells produce calcitonin? where are they found

what is their role

A

C cells

Found in thyroid

calcium homeostasis

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6
Q

what 5 organs are involved in calcium metabolism

A 
Bone
Parathyroid
thyroid
Gut
Kidneys
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7
Q

What produces vitamin D?

What does this do?

A

Kidneys

Increases reabsorption of Calcium

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8
Q

90% of the Adrenal gland is what structure

A

Adrenal Cortex

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9
Q

Adrenal Cortex produces what 3 things

A

Corticosteroids (cortisol)

Androgens (testosterone)

Aldosterone

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10
Q

Adrenal Medulla produces what

A

Catecholamines (Adrenaline/Dopamine)

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11
Q

Ovaries produce what 2 hormones

A

Oestradiol

Inhibin

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12
Q

GnRH is released from the hypothalamus to stimulaate what pathway

A

Pituitary –> Ovaries –> inhibin/Oestradiol

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13
Q

Testicular Maldescent

A

Testes have not descended down into scrotum

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14
Q

Interstitial / Leydig Cells produces what?

What does this then inhibit

A

Testosterone

Inhibits Pituitary / Hypothalamus

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15
Q

Seminiferous Tubules produce what?

A

Sperm

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16
Q

Sertoli Cells produce what?

A

Sperm + Inhibin

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17
Q

Static tests can be done for what glands

A

Thyroid

sex glands

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18
Q

Stimulation tests can be done if what is suspected

A

Under-secretion of a hormone

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19
Q

Synacthen test involves what?

A

Patient giving ACTH

if adrenal gland doesnt produce adrenaline = failure of gland

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20
Q

Suppresion test can be done if what is suspected?

Give an example

A

Hormone overproduction

give glucose = GH should stop being released via negative feedback

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21
Q

Oversecretion of hormones involving cancers are generally what?

A

Benign

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22
Q

Under-secretion of hormones involve what 2 things normally?

A

inflammation

infarction

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23
Q

Prolactinoma is caused by what?

A

pituitary gland tumour

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24
Q

What 4 clinical presentations are present with Prolactinoma

A

Galactorrhoea

Amenorrhoea

Sexual Dysfunction

Headaches / Visual Field problems

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25
what two tests are done if prolactinoma is suspected?
Pituitary MRI Static test
26
* Sexual Intercourse * Nipple Stimulation * Stress * Antipsychotics / antidepressants these can cause what?
Mildly increased prolactin
27
Non-Functioning Pituitary tumour does what to the hypothalamus
compresses it Interferes w/inhibitory effect on prolactin secretion
28
how do you treat prolactinoma?
Dopamine Agonists
29
Acromegalic face can be caused by what in adults
GH over secretion
30
how do you diagnose someone with growth hormone over secretion?
glucose test (Suppresion test) give glucose = GH should not be secreted
31
Treatment for GH overproduction
Surgery
32
``` Growth arrest Round face Fat redistribution Skin abnormalities Complications Hypertension Diabetes ``` are all symptoms of what syndrome?
Cushings syndrome
33
Pituitary secreting ACTH tumour can cause what?
Cushings Syndrome
34
main type of thyroid hormone overproduction is what?
Primary Hyperthyroidism
35
80% of Primary Hyperthyrodism is caused by what?
Graves Disease (autoimmune)
36
toxic nodules / Toxic MNG + Thyroiditis can cause what?
Primary Hyperthyroidism
37
Amiodarone can cause what disease?
Primary Hyperthyrodism
38
``` Hyperactivity Heat intolerance Palpitations Weight loss despite overeating Menstrual problems ```
Primary Hyperthyrodism
39
upon examination, a patient is * Hand tremors * Increased sweating * Fast pulse what does this possibly indicate
Primary Hyperthyrodism
40
a smooth enlarged thyroid is caused by what?
Graves Disease
41
a nodular enlarged thyroid is caused by what?
Toxic Nodules
42
a tender enlarged thyroid is caused by what?
Thyroid Inflammation
43
A thyroid blood test is done for suspected hyperthyroidism. what comes up ?
Suppressed TSH Raised T4/T3
44
Extrathyroidal signs is thyroid disease (3)
Protrusion of eye ball (Proptosis) Paralysis of eye muscles Swelling around eyes
45
anti-thyroid drugs can be given in hyperthyrodism but what can happen?
Suppress WBC production Infection risk
46
Radioactive iodine can be given for hyperthyroidism. what does this lead to?
destruction of thyroid gland
47
what treatment can be given for an underproduction of hormones?
growth hormone replacement
48
steroid under secretion is generally caused by what 2 things?
adrenal / pituitary failure
49
``` Failure to grow in children Tiredness Dizziness fr. Low bp Abdominal pain Vomiting ``` can be caused by what
Steroid underproduction
50
Primary Hypothyrodism is generally caused by what? (2)
Thyroid Failure autoimmune // drug induced
51
secondary hypothyrodism is rare and is generally caused by what What is not produced which causes this disease
Part of complete pituitary failure failure to produce TSH
52
Weakness/dry skin (Most common) Sensation of cold/decreased sweating Impaired memory is genearlly what?
Hypothyrodism
53
what test is done for hypothyrodism
Static test
54
treatment for hypothyrodism
thyroid hormone replacement
55
primary sex hormone deficiency generally involves what?
Sex organ dysfunction
56
secondary sex hormone deficiency generally involves what?
Pituitary failure
57
amenorrhoea can be caused by what 4 things?
* Uterine problems * Ovarian problem * Pituitary problems * Hypothalamic problems
58
diagnosis test for sex hormone deficiency
Static test
59
sex hormone deficiency treatment
* Hormone replacement therapy | * Pituitary hormone replacement
60
Pituitary Hormone Deficiency Investigation dynamic tests (2)
glucagon stimulation test Insulin Stress test
61
Pituitary Hormone Deficiency Investigation basal tests (3)
E2 test Thyroid function Prolactin
62
Pituitary Independent Endocrine abnormalities can lead to what
increased PTH production
63
what are 3 causes of Pituitary Independent Endocrine abnormalities
Primary Hyperparathyroidism Cancers Drugs
64
Thirst / passing too much urine Constipation Abdominal pain are signs of what?
Pituitary Independent Endocrine abnormalities

IMS (25 decks)

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