Topic 9 - Endocrinology Flashcards
Name the 5 hormones that are made in the anterior pituitary gland
FSH/LH
GH
ACTH
TSH/Thyrotropin
Prolactin
Name 2 hormones that the pituitary gland produces
ADH
Oxytocin
what 4 organs that are not controlled by the Pituitary
Adrenal Medulla (adrenaline)
Parathyroid Gland (calcium)
Pancreas (sugars)
Gut Hormones
what are the 3 structures of the thyroid
Midline Isthmus
Right lobe
Left lobe
what cells produce calcitonin? where are they found
what is their role
C cells
Found in thyroid
calcium homeostasis
what 5 organs are involved in calcium metabolism
Bone Parathyroid thyroid Gut Kidneys
What produces vitamin D?
What does this do?
Kidneys
Increases reabsorption of Calcium
90% of the Adrenal gland is what structure
Adrenal Cortex
Adrenal Cortex produces what 3 things
Corticosteroids (cortisol)
Androgens (testosterone)
Aldosterone
Adrenal Medulla produces what
Catecholamines (Adrenaline/Dopamine)
Ovaries produce what 2 hormones
Oestradiol
Inhibin
GnRH is released from the hypothalamus to stimulaate what pathway
Pituitary –> Ovaries –> inhibin/Oestradiol
Testicular Maldescent
Testes have not descended down into scrotum
Interstitial / Leydig Cells produces what?
What does this then inhibit
Testosterone
Inhibits Pituitary / Hypothalamus
Seminiferous Tubules produce what?
Sperm
Sertoli Cells produce what?
Sperm + Inhibin
Static tests can be done for what glands
Thyroid
sex glands
Stimulation tests can be done if what is suspected
Under-secretion of a hormone
Synacthen test involves what?
Patient giving ACTH
if adrenal gland doesnt produce adrenaline = failure of gland
Suppresion test can be done if what is suspected?
Give an example
Hormone overproduction
give glucose = GH should stop being released via negative feedback
Oversecretion of hormones involving cancers are generally what?
Benign
Under-secretion of hormones involve what 2 things normally?
inflammation
infarction
Prolactinoma is caused by what?
pituitary gland tumour
What 4 clinical presentations are present with Prolactinoma
Galactorrhoea
Amenorrhoea
Sexual Dysfunction
Headaches / Visual Field problems
what two tests are done if prolactinoma is suspected?
Pituitary MRI
Static test