Topic 2 (Epithelium) Flashcards
What does the epithelium sit on?
sits on basal lamina
Term definition that epithelium have to rely on with regards to diffusion
Avascular
Name 2 areas that epithelia is found
Airways (trachea)
Sweat glands (skin)
Tight junction seals what?
What protein is involved
Protein movement
Occuludin protein
Adherens junction functin
Connects cells together across cytoskeletons
Gap junction do what?
Communication between cells
Allows ion exchange to occur
what does desmosomes do
Adhere cells together
If epithelial are in multiple layers, what is this called?
Stratified
Cells at the top of the layer give what?
The overall shape of the cells
what type of cells can you find with pseudo-stratified cells?
Cilia / Goblet
Where can you find transitional layer
Areas of distention
Bladder / urinary
What is the purpose of keratinisation
Protection
Where can you find layer of keratin (4)
Oesophagus / skin / vagina / bladder
In gaseous diffusion areas, is it single or stratified?
Single squamous
What does the endothelium produce to prevent adhesion of platelets?
What produces it?
Prostacyclin
Prostacyclin synthase
What does SMC release for relaxation? For contractioN?
NO
Endothelium-1
What does the endothelium release which is found in blood clotting?
Tissue factor
What is found on the surface on endothelium cells to help facilitate trans endothelial migration
E-selectin
What lines all body cavities?
Mesothelium
What type of cells is found in the mesothelium
Simple unilayer epithelium
role of mesothelium
surface lubrication
What does the ectoderm form? (2)
Nervous system
Exoskeleton
What type of cell is found in secretion?
Goblet
Difference between exocrine and endocrine
Exocrine releases substances onto surface
Endocrine releases into BS
if a gland is branched, what is it called?
Compound gland
If a gland isnt branched, what is it called?
simple
Simple tubular glands can be found where?
Intestines
Simple coiled glands can be found where?
Sweat glands (skin)
Simple tubular branched glands can be found where (4)
Stomach / uterus / tongue / oesophagus
Simple alveolar glands can be found where
sebaceous glands on skin
Compound Tubular glands can be found where?
Oral cavity
Compound alveolar can be found where?
Pancreatic glands
Compound tubular acinar can be found where?
mammary gland
Merocrine secretion involves what?
give 2 examples of merocrine secretion
vesicle fuses with membrane / recycled
Pancreatic enzymes
Breast milk casein
Apocrine secretion involves what?
Name an example of secretion
Plasma membrane lost with vesicle fusion
Breast milk lipids
Holocrine secretion involves what?
Name an example
Product accumulates in cell and released with disintegration of cell
Sebum in sebaceous glands
What is Epidermolysis bullosa
Inherited blistering of skin
Causes of Epidermolysis bullosa
Mutation of adhesion molecule found for epithilium to BM
what is cystic fibrosis
defective chloride channel on apical surface of epithelial cells
Cause of cystic fibrosis
Mutations in CFTR
What builds up in CF patients? (2)
Cl- in cells
Mucous builds up outside cells
Where can CF occur?
Any exocrine glands
Pancreas / lungs
What is Congenital cilliary dyskinesia
abnormal cilia function
Cause of congenital cililary dyskinesia
autosomal recessive
Symptoms (2) of congenital ciliary dyskinesia
Respiratory issues
sinusitis
