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IMS > Topic 6 - Infection > Flashcards

Topic 6 - Infection Flashcards

1
Q

2 Examples of Endoparasites

A

Helminths

Protozoa

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2
Q

3 examples of exoparasites

A

Fleas

Lice

Bed bugs

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3
Q

What do Amoebas invade

A

Large bowel linings

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4
Q

How are Ameobas spread

A

Water contamination –> faeces

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5
Q

Name an example of Sporozoa

A

Plasmodium Falciparum

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6
Q

Name 2 examples of Helminths

A

Cestodes

Trematodes

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7
Q

Name an example of a Cestodes

What does this infect

Symptoms?

A

Tapeworm

Intestine

Asymptomatic

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8
Q

Structure of cestodes

A

Segmented

Flat

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9
Q

Name an example of a Trematodes

A

Fluke

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10
Q

What are the 2 forms of fungi

A

Yeast // Mould

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11
Q

In terms of strands, what are filamentous

In terms of cells, what are unicellular (fungi)

A

Moulds

Yeast

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12
Q

Tinea Pedis causes what?

A

Athletes foot

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13
Q

Tinea Corporsis

A

Ringworm

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14
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans can lead to what

A

Meningitis

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15
Q

Streptococcus Pneumoniae in terms of structure are found like what?

Where can you find them

A

Diplococci

Nose and throat

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16
Q

CRR5 / gp120 can be found on what

A

HIV

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17
Q

Is norovirus acute / chronic

A

Acute

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18
Q

Name a latent bacteria infection

A

Herpes // varicella zooster virus

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19
Q

What does EPV infect? (2)

A

B cells

Epithelial tract of nasopharynx

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20
Q

Symptoms of EPV

A

Glandular Fever

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21
Q

What do Prions lack?

A

Lack nucleic acid

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22
Q

Name 2 diseases caused by Prions

A

Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease (CJD)

Kuru

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23
Q

how is CJD transmitted (2)

A

Human growth hormone injection

Surgical instruments

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24
Q

How much normal flora is found in faeces (bacteria/gram)

A

10^11 - 10^12

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25
Q

Cystitis is the infection of where

causes?

A

Lower Urinary Tract

e.coli (gra negative bacilli)

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26
Q

Migration example (endogenous infection type)

A

E.coli from bowel entering bladder

27
Q

Perforation example (endogenous infection type)

A

Faecal Perotintitis

28
Q

Blood spread example (endogenous infection type)

A

Endocarditis

29
Q

How can endocarditis arise from?

What type of bacteria can be responsible?

A

Dental work –> bacteria enter blood stream

Streptococci

30
Q

Impetigo is caused by what sort of contact

A

Indirect contact

31
Q

Impetigo is caused by what?

What does it lead to?

A

Staphylococci / streptococci

Superficial skin infection

32
Q

Indirect contact transmission (3 types)

A

Hands // equipment // Furniture

33
Q

3 organisms involved in indirect contact transmission

A

MRSA

Clostridium difficile

Norovirus gastroenteritis

34
Q

Name an organism responsible for infection with Injury type of transmission

A

Clostriudium tetani

35
Q

What is hepatitis B

A

Virus

36
Q

Mother to baby is what type of transmission

A

Vertical

37
Q

What type of infection is a baby most at risk through vertical transmission during pregnancy

A

Rubella

38
Q

What type of infection is a baby most at risk through vertical transmission at birth

A

Herpes

39
Q

What type of infection can spread through breast milk?

A

HIV

40
Q

Infectious Dose Defintiion

A

Minimum number of organisms required to cause disease

41
Q

Streptolysin is produced by what?

A

Group A streptococci

42
Q

Cholera toxin activates what?

What does this do (3)

A

Adenyl Cyclase

Increases cAMP
Reduces Na+ Reabsorption
Increases Cl- Secretion

43
Q

What does Ebola Infect (2)

A

Macrophages

Dendritic Cells

44
Q

What inflammation occurs in Ebola?

A

Blood vessels inflammation

45
Q

Dengue fever is spread by what

A

Aedes Mosquito

46
Q

Campylobacter can be found in what?

A

Undercooked chicken

47
Q

If Neutrophils are raised, what does this potentially entail?

A

Bacterial Infection

48
Q

If lymphocytes are raised, what does this potentially entail

A

Viral infection

49
Q

If Eosinophils are high, what does this potentially entails

A

Parasitic infection

50
Q

What can a sputum test identify?

A

Pneumonia

51
Q

what can a faecal sample identify>

A

Gastroenteritis

52
Q

What can a throat swab identify

A

Tonsilitis

53
Q

Ziehl neelson can identify what?

A

TB

54
Q

Calcofluor can identify what?

A

Fungi

55
Q

Legionnaires disease can be detected by what?

A

Antigen test in a urine sample

56
Q

A rapid hepatitis B test is done by what?

A

Blood test

57
Q

Initial Ig responder

What comes later (time period)

A

IgM

IgG (10-14)

58
Q

Mupirocin is produced by what?

A

Pseudomonas fluroescens bacteria

59
Q

Symptomatic Supportive therapy example

A

Paracetamol

60
Q

A protection method with those with TB is what?

A

Putting patient in a negative pressure room

61
Q

Passive immunisation involves what?

A

Natural production of Ig from infection like chickenpox

62
Q

Active immunisation involves what?

A

Production of Ig from vaccination

63
Q

Name 4 organisms that dont have vaccinations for

A

Meningococcal group B
Hep C
HIV
Malaria

IMS (25 decks)

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