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IMS > Topic 2 (histology) > Flashcards

Topic 2 (histology) Flashcards

1
Q

When confirming responses to drugs, post op treatment is called what?

A

Adjuvant

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2
Q

When confirming responses to drugs, pre op treatment is called what?

A

Neoadjuvant

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3
Q

What are the first 5 steps of histology

A 
Obtaining tissue
Fixation 
Cutting 
Tissue processing
Section cutting / mounting
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4
Q

What are the final 5 steps of histology

A 
Section staining
Section scanning
Microscopy
Diagnosis
Prognosis
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5
Q

Why does fixing need to be done fast?

A

Tissue starts to dehydrate fast

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6
Q

Purpose of fixation other than dehydration (3)

A

Stops intrinsic autolysis

Prevents putrefaction

Increases mechanical strength

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7
Q

How does formalin work?

A

Forms protein covalent cross links

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8
Q

Whats formalin good for?

What formalin bad for?

A

Good tissue morphology

Poor DNA / RNA preservation

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9
Q

What does glutaraldehyde used for?

What does it need (2)

A

EM

Needs small samples / low temperature

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10
Q

What does freezing do (bad)

A

Poor morphology but fast

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11
Q

For cytology smears, what fixative is used?

A

Ethanol

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12
Q

Once cutting is done, where is it placed into?

A

A cassette

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13
Q

List the processing of tissue processing

A

Dehydration
Clearing
Wax infiltration
Embedding

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14
Q

How is the dehydration stage done in tissue processing?

A

Adding of alcohol

removes water

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15
Q

What is used to remove alcohol from tissue processing

A

Xylene

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16
Q

What is used to remove xylene for wax infiltration

A

Paraffin wax

17
Q

With the embedding stage, what is finally formed?

A

Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded Tissue (FFPET)

18
Q

What is used in section cutting/mounting

A

Microtomy

19
Q

How does Haematoxylin work?

A

Stains Acidic (DNA/Nuclei) purple

20
Q

How does Eosin work?

A

Stains Basic (structures) pink

21
Q

What does PAS detect?

A

Mucins + BM + Fungal organisms

22
Q

If gram stain goes blue, what bacteria?

A

Positive bacteria

23
Q

Giemsa stain looks for what?

A

H.pylori

24
Q

Grocotts stain stains what?

A

Fungi walls

25
Q

Oil red O stains what?

A

Fat cells

26
Q

Why is fat tissue frozen?

A

Tissue processing removes fat

27
Q

Orcein stains what? specifically for what bacteria

A

Copper associated proteins

Hep B Ag

28
Q

Perls stain stains what? (2)

A

Iron

Asbestos bodies

29
Q

Ziehl nelson stains what?

A

Mycobacterium

30
Q

what measurement can be used in histology for characteristics?

A

Breslow Thickness

IMS (25 decks)

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