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IMS > Topic 7-Lipoproteins > Flashcards

Topic 7-Lipoproteins Flashcards

1
Q

How much cholesterol comes from out diet

A

25%

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2
Q

In terms of solublitlity, what is it in blood plasma?

A

Insoluble

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3
Q

Chylomicrons are sourced where?

A

Intestine

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4
Q

VLDL source?

A

Liver

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5
Q

LDL source?

A

VLDL

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6
Q

HDL source

A

Blood

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7
Q

Chylomicrons role

A

Transports dietary fats from intestine to tissues

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8
Q

VLDL role

A

Transports lipids in liver to tissues

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9
Q

LDL role

A

Cholesterol to peripheral tissues as main cholesterol carrier

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10
Q

HDL role

A

Transport cholesterol to liver FROM tissues

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11
Q

External monolayer of lipoproteins contain what? (3)

A

Phospholipids //cholesterol // apolipoproteins

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12
Q

Lipoprotein contains what 2 things

A

Lipid + Apolipoprotein

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13
Q

ApoA is present in which lipid

A

HDL

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14
Q

ApoB facilitates what?

A

LDL uptake

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15
Q

ApoC activates what?

A

Lipoprotein lipase

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16
Q

ApoE stabilises what?

What is it also?

A

Stabilises VLDL

Ligand for apoB/E receptor

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17
Q

Apolipoproteins are synthesised where? What are they regulated by?

A

Intestine . // Liver

Dietary fat intake //Insulin,glucagon,alcohol,statins

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18
Q

apoA-I regulates what key enzyme

A

Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase

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19
Q

Modified LDL particle is what (2)?

A

PRoinflaammatory + proatherogenic

20
Q

The core of LDL contains what?

A

Hydrophobic core - Triglycerides + Cholesteryl esters

21
Q

apoA-I + apoA-II protect against what?

A

oxidative modification

22
Q

LDL receptor on liver

What does it bind to

A

apoB/E

binds to apoB-100 / apoE

23
Q

LDL gene receptor is regulated by what?

A

intracellular cholesterol concentration

24
Q

Nascent HDL contains what?

A

Free cholesterol

25
Q

MAture HDL contains what?

A

Free cholesterol + Cholesterol ester

26
Q

What receptor takes up HDL

A

Scavenger receptor

27
Q

mutation in LDL receptor leads to what?

A

Familial Hypercholesterolaemia

28
Q

What vitamins need cholesterol (4)

A

A,D,E,K

29
Q

what mg/100ml are mammals resistant to atherosclerosis

A

25mg/100ml

30
Q

What 3 peripheral clinical manifestations arise from atherosclerosis

A

Pain / ischaemia/ ulceration / gangrene

31
Q

HMG-CoA —> Mevalonate enzyme involved

A

HMG-CoA reductase

32
Q

What 2 organs control cholesterol levels

A

liver - bile salt excretion // produces cholesterol

Intestine - absorbs cholesterol from food/bile

33
Q

Statins main role

A

Prevent cholesterol synthesis in liver

34
Q

Cholesterol absorption inhibitors act where?

E.g.?

A

Prevent absorption in intestine

Ezetimibe

35
Q

Fibrates role

e.g.?

A

Reduce triglycerides / increase HDL / Less effective LDL

Gemfibrozil

36
Q

What do statins inhibit

A

HMG-CoA reductase

37
Q

FPP to squalene enzyme

A

Squalene synthase

38
Q

What do statins do to receptors

A

Lower intracellular cholesterol = Increased expression of LDL receptor = less cholesterol in blood

39
Q

pleiotropic

A

Actions of agent which it was not specifically developed for

40
Q

Isoprenoids are made from what? what property do they have and what process are they required for

A

Mevalonate

Hydrophobic

Prenylation

41
Q

Prenylation involves what?

A

adding lipid tail to intracellular signalling molecules

42
Q

Key G proteins are part of what family?

A

RAS / Rho family

43
Q

PCSK9 is what sort of enzyme??

Where is it expressed

A

Protease

Liver / intestine

44
Q

PCSK9 promotes what and reduces/prevents what 2 things

A

Promotes intracellular degradation of LDL-R

Prevents recycling of LDL-R //LDL-R population on cell membrane

45
Q

PCSK9 mutations is associated with what?

A

Coronary Heart Disease

46
Q

PCSK9 inhibition leads to what?

A

lower LDL-C levels

IMS (25 decks)

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