Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

IMS > Topic 5 - Embryology Gastrulation > Flashcards

Topic 5 - Embryology Gastrulation Flashcards

1
Q

Those that have complete situs inversus have what type of syndrome associated with it

A

Kartagener Syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The Dorsal Aspect forms what end?

A

Neural Groove End

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The Ventral Aspect forms what end?

A

Endoderm end

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The definitive Endoderm layer is formed on which days

A

16

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How is the definitive endoderm layer formed?

A

Epiblast cells migrate towards primitive streak

Replaces hypoblast cells and pushes them away

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Mesoderm formation is formed on what day?

A

16

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How is the mesoderm layer formed?

A

Epiblast cells move through primitive streak

Forms middle layer between definitive endoderm and epiblast layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How is the ectoderm formed?

A

Formed from remaining epiblast cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Epiblast cells forms what 3 structures?

A

Endoderm
Ectoderm
Mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Adrenal Medulla // Lens of eyes // Epidermis of skin //Pituitary gland is formed from what layer?

A

Ectoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Dermis of skin // Epithelial lining of blood vessels // Heart // Spleen // Reproductive systems is formed from what layer?

A

Mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Pancreas // Gallbladder // Thymus // Thyroid Gland // Epithelial lining of respiratory tract is formed from what layer?

A

Endoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Paraxial Mesoderm is forms what part of the body? (2)

A

Skeleton muscles // Dermis of skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Intermediate Mesoderm forms what part of the body? (3)

A

Gonads // Internal Reproductive tract // Kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Lateral Mesoderm forms what part of the body?

A

Lining of blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Notochordal Process forms on what day?

A

Day 17

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

the Paraxial Mesoderm forms what blocks?

On what day do these form?

A

Somites

Day 20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

At what region do the formation of Somites start from?

What end do they go towards?

A

Cranial End

Caudal end

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How many pairs of Somites is created per day? At what point does the number of pairs terminate at?

A

3/4 pairs a day

42/44 pairs have formed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What can the formation of somities be used for clinically?

A

Used to estimate the age of the embryo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Abnormalities of the urogenital and lower limbs caused by abnormal gastrulation is what?

A

Sirenomelia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What causes Sirenomelia?

A

Insufficient mesoderm formation at Caudal Region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Sacrococcygeal Teratoma is caused by what?

A

Over production of mesoderm layer in Caudal Region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Prevalance of Sacrococcygeal Teratoma (M/F)

A

80% women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

How is the Notochordal Process formed?

A

Regression of the Primitive Streak

Forms hollow tube

26
Q

Primitive Streak is formed by what 3 components in order from Cranial to Caudal

A

Primitive Pit
Primitive Node
Primitive Groove

27
Q

How is the Notochord form?

A

Notochordal Process forms with endoderm to form Notochordal plate

Notochordal Plate retracts from endoderm forming solid Notochord

28
Q

What does the notochord initiate?

How does it do this?

What day does this occur

A

Neurulation + Vertebrae Formation

Causes ectoderm to thicken to form Neural Plate from neuroectoderm /// Organises Somites into Vertebrae blocks

Day 19

29
Q

What does the notochord differentiate the Somites into? (3)

A

Sclerotome

Myotome

Dermatome

30
Q

What is the role of the sclerotome?

How does it do this?

A

Forms bone // cartilage

Sclerotome surround Notochord to form Vertebral Body which surrounds neural tube to form Vertebral Arch

31
Q

Myotome forms what?

Dermatome forms what?

A

Skeletal Muscle

Dermis layer

32
Q

What happens to the notochord?

A

Degenerates

Forms nucleus pulposus

33
Q

What day does the folding of the neural edges occur from the neural plate

A

Day 20

34
Q

Fusion of the neural folds occurs on what day?

What area does it begin folding from?

What region does it continue to

A

Day 22

Begins at Cervical (neck) region

Continues Cranially and Caudally

35
Q

How does the Neural Tube form?

A

As neural folds fuse, the tube separates from the ectoderm

36
Q

The Anterior Neuropore forms on what day?

A

Day 25

37
Q

The Posterior Neuropore forms on what day?

A

Day 28

38
Q

The Cranial end of the Neural Tube forms what?

A

Brain

39
Q

The Caudal end of the Neural Tube forms what?

A

Spinal Cord

40
Q

What is the cause of anecephaly

A

Failure of fusion of the anterior Neuropore

41
Q

What part of the brain is affected in anecephaly?

A

the forebrain

42
Q

Rachischisis is caused by what?

A

Failure of fusion of the posterior Neuropore

43
Q

in Rachischisis, what is left exposed which is prone to high risk of infection?

A

Neural Flat Plate

44
Q

Spina Bifida is caused by what?

A

Abnormal Induction of Sclerotomes

45
Q

In Meningocele, what occurs?

A

meninges expand through vertebrae to form meninges sac

46
Q

In Myelomeningocele, what occurs?

A

Meninges and spinal cord form meninges sac

47
Q

What is found to reduce rates of Neural Tube Defects (NTD)

A

Folic Acid

48
Q

What are neural crest cells?

A

they are detached Lateral Edge cells from the neural tube when the lateral edges start to fold

49
Q

Where do Neural crest cells go to and do what?

A

Migrate laterally and ventrally to form different structures throughout body

50
Q

Give 3 derivatives of neural crest cells

A

Septum of heart

Teeth

Adrenal Medulla

51
Q

Neurofibromatosis is caused by what?

What is its role? What happens in this condition

A

Genetic Mutation in Neurofibromin (NF1)

Tumour Suppressor Gene switched off

52
Q

What happens in Neurofibromatosis

A

Increased Cell division –> Benign tumours of Nervous system // Skin // Cranial Bones

53
Q

What two ways of folding occurs in the embryo at week 4

A

Craniocaudal folding

Lateral Folding

54
Q

Which sac sizes stays the same and which is constantly increasing?

A

Amniotic sac increases

Yolk Sac stays the same

55
Q

What happens in lateral folding

A

Amniotic sac expands and pushes lateral edges down

Edges than fuse in most areas

56
Q

What edges / areas in lateral folding dont fuse together?

Why?

A

At mid gut

Yolk sac in the way

57
Q

What is the vitelline duct?

A

Duct that forms between yolk sac and gut

58
Q

In Craniocaudal folding, what is formed which is connected to the faetal bladder

A

Allantois Formation

59
Q

What is ectopia cordis

What causes it

A

Heart outside of body

Lateral folding failure in thoracic region

60
Q

What is Gastroschisis

What causes it

A

Intestines out of the body

Lateral folding failure in the abdomen region

IMS (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions