Topic 10 Pharma

Question 1

Intramuscular routes of administration should be used for what type of vehicle

Answer 1

suspensions / oily vehicles

Question 2

subcutaneous routes of administration should be used for what type of vehicle

Answer 2

suspensions / pelletes

Question 3

Buccal route of administration must be what

Answer 3

water / lipid soluble

Question 4

how much of a drug is absorbed in 1-3 hours

Answer 4

75%

Question 5

bases are proton

Answer 5

acceptors

Question 6

what form of a drug can cross a cell membrane

Answer 6

un-ionised

Question 7

Volume of plasma that accounts for total amount of drug

Answer 7

Volume of distribution

Question 8

2 drug binding proteins

Answer 8

albumin

glycoproteins

Question 9

how thick is a membrane

Answer 9

10nm

Question 10

name 3 places where first pass metabolism occurs

Answer 10

intestines

liver

lung

Question 11

Mucousal cells / pancreas secrete what that breaks down proteins?

Where are they found

Answer 11

digestive enzymes

intestinal lumen

Question 12

the lung is the site of metabolism for what?

Answer 12

local hormones

Question 13

what are the 3 phases of drug metabolism

Answer 13

oxidation/reduction/hydrolysis

conjugation

excretion

Question 14

which phase of drug metabolism forms a reactive drug

Answer 14

oxidation/reduction/hydrolysis

Question 15

in paracetamol, a conjugation reaction forms what 2 things

Answer 15

paracetamol glucuronide

paracetamol sulphate

Question 16

oxidation of paracetamol forms what

Answer 16

NAPQI + Glutathione

Question 17

bioavailability definition

Answer 17

proportion of a dose that reaches systemic circulation

Question 18

what can creatinine clerance estimate

Answer 18

clearance of a drug filtered at glomerulus

Question 19

what is the name of the esmitated creatinine clerance in ml/min

Answer 19

Cockcroft Gault

Question 20

Cockcroft Gault equation

Answer 20

(140-age) x weight x constant

——————————————serum creatinine

Question 21

1. 23 creatinine clearance

1. 04 “

Answer 21

men

women

Question 22

functional change to receptor upon binding of drug =

Answer 22

efficacy

Question 23

dose of drug needed for biological effect =

Answer 23

potency

Question 24

a non competitive antagonist binds to what

Answer 24

allosteric site

inactivating receptor

Question 25

ligand gated ion channels (4)

Answer 25

glutamate serotonin dopamine acetylchocline

Question 26

name 3 molecules that bind to H2 receptors

Answer 26

histamine acetylcholine gastrin

Question 27

what does h2 receptors activate

Answer 27

gastic / acid secretion enchances cAMP

Question 28

name 2 H2 receptor antagonists what does this lead to

Answer 28

Ranitidine // Cimetidine blocks H2 no cAMP no acid

Question 29

name 2 molecules that bind to receptor kinases

Answer 29

insulin GF

Question 30

thromboxanes are what

Answer 30

cytoprotective prostaglandings

Question 31

aldosterone is released from what? what does this lead to

Answer 31

adrenal cortex increases water reabsorption Decreases urine volume increased BP

Question 32

AG2 causes what

Answer 32

vasoconstriction

Question 33

name 4 calcium channel blockers

Answer 33

amlodipine diltiazem verapamil felodipine

Question 34

calcium channel blockers bind to receptors where? what does this cause

Answer 34

blocks receptors on SM no influx of calcium SM relaxation + low HR

Question 35

Dihydropyridines Ca blocker class example (2) what are they selective to

Answer 35

Amlopdipine Felodpine SM selective

Question 36

Phenylalkylamine Ca blocker class example what are they selective to

Answer 36

verapamil selective myocardium

Question 37

Benzothiazepine Ca blocker class example What does it do

Answer 37

Diltiazem Cardiac depressant + vasodilator

Question 38

What do local anesthetics block? what does this cause (2)

Answer 38

blocks Na+ channel causes depression of excitation in nerve endings inhibits conduction process in peripheral nerves

Question 39

2 groups found on local anesthetics

Answer 39

lipid soluble hydrophobic aromatic group charged hydrophilic amine group

Question 40

local anesthetics are what

Answer 40

weak bases

Question 41

Name 2 ester local anesthetics

Answer 41

cocaine amethocaaine

Question 42

ester local anesthetics are rapidly what? what breakdown product do they form. what is this known for doing

Answer 42

rapidly hydrolysed PABA = allergic reaction

Question 43

Lignocaine Bupivacaine Prilocaine are all types of what?

Answer 43

Amides local anesthetics

Question 44

an adverse effect with the heart from local anesthetics is what?

Answer 44

myocardial depression + vasodilation as Na+ blocked in conduction system

Question 45

what can prolong the action of local anesthetics

Answer 45

addition of adrenaline

Question 46

ED50 is what

Answer 46

dose that produces 50% of maximum response

Question 47

Ceiling of a drug involves what?

Answer 47

lowest dose that produces maximal effect

Question 48

Threshold of a drug involves what

Answer 48

dose that produces a just-noticeable effect

Question 49

Agonist plus competitive antagonist graph

Answer 49

line will be identical but shifted right

Question 50

Agonist plus irreversible antagonist graph

Answer 50

line shifted to bottom right