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IMS > Topic 10 Pharma > Flashcards

Topic 10 Pharma Flashcards

1
Q

Intramuscular routes of administration should be used for what type of vehicle

A

suspensions / oily vehicles

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2
Q

subcutaneous routes of administration should be used for what type of vehicle

A

suspensions / pelletes

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3
Q

Buccal route of administration must be what

A

water / lipid soluble

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4
Q

how much of a drug is absorbed in 1-3 hours

A

75%

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5
Q

bases are proton

A

acceptors

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6
Q

what form of a drug can cross a cell membrane

A

un-ionised

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7
Q

Volume of plasma that accounts for total amount of drug

A

Volume of distribution

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8
Q

2 drug binding proteins

A

albumin

glycoproteins

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9
Q

how thick is a membrane

A

10nm

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10
Q

name 3 places where first pass metabolism occurs

A

intestines

liver

lung

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11
Q

Mucousal cells / pancreas secrete what that breaks down proteins?

Where are they found

A

digestive enzymes

intestinal lumen

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12
Q

the lung is the site of metabolism for what?

A

local hormones

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13
Q

what are the 3 phases of drug metabolism

A

oxidation/reduction/hydrolysis

conjugation

excretion

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14
Q

which phase of drug metabolism forms a reactive drug

A

oxidation/reduction/hydrolysis

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15
Q

in paracetamol, a conjugation reaction forms what 2 things

A

paracetamol glucuronide

paracetamol sulphate

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16
Q

oxidation of paracetamol forms what

A

NAPQI + Glutathione

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17
Q

bioavailability definition

A

proportion of a dose that reaches systemic circulation

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18
Q

what can creatinine clerance estimate

A

clearance of a drug filtered at glomerulus

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19
Q

what is the name of the esmitated creatinine clerance in ml/min

A

Cockcroft Gault

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20
Q

Cockcroft Gault equation

A

(140-age) x weight x constant

——————————————serum creatinine

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21
Q
  1. 23 creatinine clearance

1. 04 “

A

men

women

22
Q

functional change to receptor upon binding of drug =

A

efficacy

23
Q

dose of drug needed for biological effect =

A

potency

24
Q

a non competitive antagonist binds to what

A

allosteric site

inactivating receptor

25
Q

ligand gated ion channels (4)

A

glutamate

serotonin

dopamine

acetylchocline

26
Q

name 3 molecules that bind to H2 receptors

A

histamine

acetylcholine

gastrin

27
Q

what does h2 receptors activate

A

gastic / acid secretion

enchances cAMP

28
Q

name 2 H2 receptor antagonists

what does this lead to

A

Ranitidine // Cimetidine

blocks H2
no cAMP
no acid

29
Q

name 2 molecules that bind to receptor kinases

A

insulin

GF

30
Q

thromboxanes are what

A

cytoprotective prostaglandings

31
Q

aldosterone is released from what?

what does this lead to

A

adrenal cortex

increases water reabsorption
Decreases urine volume
increased BP

32
Q

AG2 causes what

A

vasoconstriction

33
Q

name 4 calcium channel blockers

A

amlodipine
diltiazem
verapamil
felodipine

34
Q

calcium channel blockers bind to receptors where?

what does this cause

A

blocks receptors on SM

no influx of calcium
SM relaxation + low HR

35
Q

Dihydropyridines Ca blocker class example (2)

what are they selective to

A

Amlopdipine

Felodpine

SM selective

36
Q

Phenylalkylamine Ca blocker class example

what are they selective to

A

verapamil

selective myocardium

37
Q

Benzothiazepine Ca blocker class example

What does it do

A

Diltiazem

Cardiac depressant + vasodilator

38
Q

What do local anesthetics block?

what does this cause (2)

A

blocks Na+ channel

causes depression of excitation in nerve endings

inhibits conduction process in peripheral nerves

39
Q

2 groups found on local anesthetics

A

lipid soluble hydrophobic aromatic group

charged hydrophilic amine group

40
Q

local anesthetics are what

A

weak bases

41
Q

Name 2 ester local anesthetics

A

cocaine

amethocaaine

42
Q

ester local anesthetics are rapidly what?

what breakdown product do they form. what is this known for doing

A

rapidly hydrolysed

PABA = allergic reaction

43
Q

Lignocaine
Bupivacaine
Prilocaine

are all types of what?

A

Amides local anesthetics

44
Q

an adverse effect with the heart from local anesthetics is what?

A

myocardial depression + vasodilation

as Na+ blocked in conduction system

45
Q

what can prolong the action of local anesthetics

A

addition of adrenaline

46
Q

ED50 is what

A

dose that produces 50% of maximum response

47
Q

Ceiling of a drug involves what?

A

lowest dose that produces maximal effect

48
Q

Threshold of a drug involves what

A

dose that produces a just-noticeable effect

49
Q

Agonist plus competitive antagonist graph

A

line will be identical but shifted right

50
Q

Agonist plus irreversible antagonist graph

A

line shifted to bottom right

IMS (25 decks)

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