Topic 4 (enzymes Intro) Flashcards
Zn(2+) can be found in which enzyme?
What does it do
Carbonic Anhydrase
Activates it for reaction with CO2
Mg(2+) can be found in what type of enzymes
Kinases
Ca(2+) can be found as a regulatory enzyme. What enzyme?
Calpain
Riboflavin (B2) coenzyme and deficiency disease
FAD/FMN
Ariboflavinosis
Niacin conenzyme and Deficiency disease
NAD+/NADP+
Pellagra
Thaiamine (B1) enzyme and deficiency
Thiamine Pyrophosphate
Beriberi
Vit C enzyme and deficiency
Hydroxylases
Scurvy
Folic Acid enzyme and deficiency
Tetrahydrofolate
Folate Def.anaemia
Pyridoxal (B6) enzyme and deficiency
Microcytic anaemia
G6PDH is caused by what?
Function?
X-linked recessive mutation
Produces NADHP biosynthesis for nucleic acids/lipids
Symptoms of G6PDH (2)
Haemolytic crisis
Jaundice
What can trigger G6PDH
Foods / infection / drugs
30% glucose oxidation goes through what?
Pentose Phosphate Pathway in Liver
High …. activates G6PDH
NADP+
What type of anaemia can arrise from G6PDH deficiency
Primaquine-induced haemolytic anaemia
Thiopurine Methyl Transferase (NOT FINISHED CARD)
NOT FINISHED
What is A1-antitrypsin role
Prevents proteases attacking tissue
What is pancreatic trypsin inhibitor role
Controls activity of digestive enzyme
Antithrombin 3 role
Switches off blood clotting system
A1-antitrypsin // Antithrombin 3 // pancreatic trypsin inhibitor are all what type of proteases?
Serine Protease Inhibitors
What type of enzyme phosphorylate other enzymes
Protein Kinases
Where is the phosphate taking from in phosphorylation
Y-Phosphate from ATP
What is a zymogen?
Inactivated proteolytic enzyme
How is a zymogen activated?
Irreversible removal of part of peptide chain
Why does cleaving of peptide chain in zymogens done?
Prevent premature activation of enzymes in wrong place/ time
What type of protein is chymotrypsin?
Serine Protease
Structure of chymotrypsin
3 polypeptide chain - linked by disulphide chains
name the 3 stages of a fully active chymotrypsin
Zymogen (polypeptide chain)
(pi)-chymotrypsin (via trypsin)
a-chymotrypsin (via chymotr)
What is the catalytic triad found in chymotrypsin
Aspartate
Histidine
Serine
How is Trypsinogen activated to become Trypsin + Enzyme
Removal of AA 1-6
Via enteropeptidase
What does Trypsin convert?
Procarboxypeptidase -> Carboxypeptidase
What does TPA convert?
Plasminogen –> Plasmin
Name a recombinant TPA
Alteplase
