Topic 6.7 - Mutations

Question 1

what is produced from gene transcription and translation?

Answer 1

proteins; DNA produces mRNA (transcription), mRNA produces protein (translation)

Question 2

what determines the phenotype of organisms?

Answer 2

the function and amount of gene products; changes in genotype = changes in phenotype

Question 3

what are mutations?

Answer 3

changes in the genome of an organism

Question 4

how can mutations be positive/negative/neutral? what does it depend on?

Answer 4

based on the effects/lack of effects they have on the resulting nucleic acid/protein and the phenotypes that are conferred by the protein
> depends on the environmental context

Question 5

change in base sequence

Answer 5

one base change leads to a change in mRNA and ultimately a difference in the sequence of amino acids. individuals with this mutated genotype have a different phenotype and their blood may be sickled