Topic 3.7 - Fitness 𖦹⋆｡°✩ Flashcards
what can cells vary in
the number and types of molecules
how is variation evident on a cellular and molecular level
༻ differences in molecular structure
༻ differences in molecular types, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, etc
༻ differences in the number of molecules present
what does variation increase
fitness
what is individual fitness
an individual organism’s ability to survive and reproduce
what does individual fitness contribute to
species fitness
what happens when there is more variation in a population
species have a better chance to demonstrate fitness generationally under changing environmental conditions
how does chlorophyll show variation
༻ different types of chlorophyll capture light energy at different wavelengths
༻ more flexibility to absorb incoming wavelengths of light used for photosynthesis
༻ different times of day/year
how does the cell membrane of animal cells show variation
contain a special lipid (cholesterol) while plant cell membranes do not
what does cholesterol do
༻ regulates membrane fluidity - stabilizes membrane structure at high temperatures, maintains fluidity at low temperatures
༻ can decrease water penetration - increasing cholesterol can restrict diffusion of water through bilayer since animal cells don’t have a cell wall to counter lysis
what are properly structured membranes crucial for
cell homeostasis
what is hemoglobin
a molecule that carries oxygen in blood
what are the two types of hemoglobin found in the blood
༻ hemoglobin F (fetal) - enables efficient transfer of oxygen from the blood of the mother to the fetus
༻ hemoglobin A (adult) - binds to oxygen from the lungs and aids in oxygen delivery to body cells
what are the 3 examples of variation in the types of molecules in the environment
༻ chlorophyll
༻ cholesterol vs. cell walls
༻ hemoglobin
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