Topic 2.2 - Cell Structure and Function 𖦹⋆｡°✩ Flashcards
what are the 2 distinct compartments within chloroplasts
༻ thylakoid
༻ stroma
what is the thylakoid
highly folded membrane compartments that are organized in stacks called grana
what are chlorophyll pigments in the thylakoid membrane
comprise the photosystems and electron transport proteins, light-dependent reactions occur here
where are chlorophyll pigments found
can be found between the photosystems
what increases the efficiency of these reactions
folding of these internal membranes
what are stroma
fluid between the inner chloroplast membrane and outside thylakoids
what occurs in the stroma
the carbon fixation (Calvin-Benson Cycle) reactions occur here
what is the function of the double membrane in the mitochondria
provides compartments for different metabolic reactions
what is the function of the mitochondria
༻ capture energy from macromolecules
༻ the Krebs cycle reactions occur in the matrix of the mitochondria
༻ electron transport and ATP synthesis occur in the inner mitochondrial membrane
what increases surface area and what does that result in
folding of the inner membrane increases the surface area, which allows for more ATP to be made
role of vacuoles in plants
aid in retention of water for turgor pressure
what is turgor pressure and what is it caused by
an internal cellular force, caused by water pushing up against the plasma membrane and cell wall
lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes and can contribute to cell function, how
༻ intracellular digestion
༻ recycling of organic materials
༻ programmed cell death (apoptosis)
what functions does the ER provide for the cell
༻ provides mechanical support
༻ plays a role in intracellular transport
༻ rough ER carries out protein synthesis on ribosomes that are bound to its membrane
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