Topic 1.3 - Intro to Biological Macromolecules 𖦹⋆｡°✩

Question 1

what are monomers

Answer 1

the chemical subunits used to create polymers

Question 2

what is a polymer

Answer 2

a macromolecule made of many monomers

Question 3

what type of bond is formed between interacting monomers

Answer 3

a covalent bond

Question 4

what allows monomers to interact with one another

Answer 4

they have specific properties that allow them to interact with one another

Question 5

can polymers be made from any monomer

Answer 5

no, polymers are specific to the monomers they consist of (memorize monomer/polymer chart)

Question 6

what do dehydration synthesis reactions form

Answer 6

༻ covalent bonds
༻ macromolecules

Question 7

explain the process of dehydration synthesis

Answer 7

༻ the subcomponents of a water molecule (H/OH) are removed from interacting monomers and a covalent bond forms between them
༻ the H and OH join together to form a molecule of water

Question 8

what is a byproduct of dehydration synthesis

Answer 8

water

Question 9

what happens to covalent bonds during a hydrolysis reaction

Answer 9

covalent bonds are cleaved

Question 10

what is the meaning of hydrolysis

Answer 10

breaking down

Question 11

what is the purpose of hydrolysis

Answer 11

polymers are hydrolyzed (broken down) into monomers

Question 12

explain the process of hydrolysis

Answer 12

༻ covalent bonds between the monomers are cleaved (broken)
༻ a water molecule is hydrolyzed into subcomponents H/OH and each subcomponent is added to a different monomer

Question 13

what can a dehydration synthesis reaction create

Answer 13

carbohydrates

Question 14

what do carbohydrate monomers have attached

Answer 14

༻ hydroxides (OH)
༻ hydrogen atoms (H)

Question 15

provide an in-depth explanation of a dehydration synthesis reaction to produce carbohydrates

Answer 15

༻ one monomer will lose an entire OH while another will lose the H from a hydroxide
༻ a covalent bond will form where the OH and H atoms were removed
༻ the OH and H join to form a water molecule

Question 16

what are protein monomers called

Answer 16

amino acids

Question 17

what does every amino acid have

Answer 17

༻ an amino group terminus (NH2)
provide an in-depth explanation of a dehydration synthesis reaction to produce proteins༻ a carboxyl group terminus (COOH)

Question 18

provide an in-depth explanation of a dehydration synthesis reaction to produce proteins

Answer 18

༻ an OH is lost from the carboxyl group of one acid and a H is lost from the amino group of another amino acid
༻ a covalent bond will form between the monomers in the location where the OH and H atom were removed
༻ the OH and H will join forming a water molecule

Question 19

provide an in-depth explanation of a hydrolysis reaction to produce proteins

Answer 19

༻ a water molecule is hydrolyzed and each subcomponent of water will be bonded to different amino acids
༻ the result is separate amino acid monomers